View the 2026 Mid Year Final Adopted Resolutions below.  You can view and download the resolutions by clicking the Resolution Number.  

Stay tuned for updates on the opening of the 2026 Annual Policy Resolutions Process, coming soon.

2026 Mid Year Adopted Resolutions Now Available 

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) applauds the nomination of Mark Cruz (Klamath Tribes) of Oregon to serve as Director of the Indian Health Service (IHS) at the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). In this role, he will be responsible for ensuring comprehensive and culturally respectful healthcare delivery to approximately 2.8 million American Indians and Alaska Natives across the United States.

Mr. Cruz has extensive experience working in the federal government as a Senior Advisor to HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., and previously as Deputy Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs for Policy and Economic Development at the Department of the Interior under Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs Tara Sweeney.

During his time at HHS, Mr. Cruz has strongly advocated for the interests of American Indians and Alaska Natives, overseeing a Presidential Budget that requests historic increases in appropriations to IHS of nearly $1 billion, assisting with the mobilization of more than 70 Public Health Service officers from the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps to IHS facilities across the country, and working to reduce barriers preventing Tribal Nations from developing health responses that take into account the unique needs and traditional practices of the community.

NCAI supports the Senate’s swift confirmation of Mr. Cruz as IHS Director and looks forward to working collaboratively with him in this position to improve health outcomes for American Indian and Alaska Native communities, prevent chronic diseases, address infrastructure needs, and strengthen the healthcare workforce.

NCAI Applauds Nomination of Mark Cruz for Director of IHS

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) strongly opposes the use of the Congressional Review Act (CRA) to disapprove the 2025 Monument Management Plan for the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument. NCAI urges Congress to vote "no" on H.J. Res. 151 and S.J. Res. 109, which would overturn the Grand Staircase-Escalante Resource Management Plan and eliminate critical protections for Tribal Nations’ cultural resources, sacred places, and ancestral homelands.

“The Grand Staircase-Escalante landscape is inseparable from the histories, cultures, and lifeways of the Tribal Nations who have inhabited this land since time immemorial,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “This plan was developed through years of public input, scientific research, and meaningful Tribal consultation. Overturning it through the Congressional Review Act would disregard Tribal engagement, weaken protections for sacred places, and create unnecessary uncertainty for Tribal Nations and surrounding communities.”

Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, first designated in 1996, protects nearly 1.9 million acres in southern Utah. The landscape includes places of immense religious, spiritual, historic, and cultural significance, including ancestral footprints, petroglyphs, springs, plants, animals, and other resources central to Tribal Nations’ ways of life.

The 2025 Monument Management Plan includes important resource management directives that support the protection of Tribal cultural resources and sacred places, including the consideration of Indigenous Knowledge. NCAI is deeply concerned that the legislation now before Congress would eliminate these protections without the same level of consultation and engagement that shaped the plan.

Federal planning documents such as the Grand Staircase-Escalante Resource Management Plan provide transparency, trust, and informed decision-making for Tribal Nations with sovereign interests in protecting irreplaceable cultural landscapes. NCAI strongly opposes the continued misuse of the CRA to undo years of Tribal engagement and federal planning processes.

Using the CRA to overturn resource management plans also sets a dangerous precedent. Until recently, resource management plans had not been treated as rules subject to CRA review. This approach creates legal uncertainty, undermines informed land-use decisions, and places ancestral lands, cultural sites, and sacred resources at greater risk of looting, vandalism, and degradation.

NCAI calls on Congress to uphold Tribal consultation, protect sacred and culturally significant landscapes, and reject H.J. Res. 151 and S.J. Res. 109.


NCAI Statement Opposing Congressional Review Act Efforts to Overturn the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Management Plan

 — As the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), Tribal Nations, and advocates observe Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Relatives (MMIWR) Awareness Day, we are reminded that this crisis is not abstract — it is personal. Behind every recommendation are families still searching for answers and communities working to keep their people safe.

The work to prevent tragedy and keep our women, children, and relatives safe is further strengthened by the leadership of the NCAI Violence Against Women (VAW) Task Force, which has consistently elevated the priorities of Tribal Nations in addressing violence against Native women and communities. The Task Force has played a critical role in ensuring that federal policies are informed by those closest to the issue and grounded in the realities facing Tribal communities. Their work reinforces a fundamental truth: Effective solutions must be shaped and led by the voices of victims, survivors, and families.

NCAI underscores the critical importance of the Not Invisible Act Commission (The Commission), the Not One More: Findings & Recommendations of the Not Invisible Act Commission (Not One More Report), and the response reports from the Department of Justice (DOJ), the Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) as foundational efforts to address the ongoing crisis of Missing and Murdered Indigenous People (MMIP).

The work of The Commission reflects the voices of Tribal leaders, survivors, and families who have long called for action — not more studies, but real solutions. Together, they provide a roadmap to improve coordination, strengthen data systems, enhance victim services, and respect Tribal sovereignty in protecting our communities.

Shannon Holsey, NCAI VAW Task Force Co-Chair and President of the Stockbridge-Munsee Band of Mohican Indians, expressed her thoughts on the importance of this day of observance: “Today is a powerful reaffirmation of why the Violence Against Women Task Force exists — to center the voices of Native women, survivors, Tribal leaders, and advocates, and to ensure that safety for our women and families remains a national priority grounded in Tribal sovereignty. The Task Force’s work, including the recommendations advanced through the Not Invisible Act, reflects years of Tribal expertise, lived experience, and survivor‑led advocacy.”

She added, “These recommendations were not meant to sit on a shelf. They require full implementation, sustained coordination across federal agencies, and accountability at every level of government. The federal government has a responsibility to follow through — to move beyond acknowledgment and toward action — so that the commitments made to protect Native women and communities result in measurable, lasting change.”

Last year, the DOJ removed the “Not One More Report” from the DOJ website, eliminating access to this critical resource. Public access to these materials is essential. When they are removed or made difficult to find on government websites, it creates real barriers for those working on the ground to implement solutions and to hold the government accountable. This action raises serious concerns about transparency and signals a step backward at a time when sustained commitment is needed most. For Tribal Nations, this kind of erasure cuts deeper as it risks undermining the trust built through consultation and shared work.

Carmen O’Leary, NCAI VAW Task Force Co-Chair and Director of the Native Women’s Society of the Great Plains, stated, “The efforts to bring about the Not One More Report were time- and resource-consuming. Choosing commissioners was thoughtful work and brought together a group that included multiple disciplines and many Tribal Nations. The report analyzed the emotional accounts of many to identify the gaps in policy, law, and procedures that have led to the deaths and injustices suffered in Indian Country and beyond. Ignoring the final product of this work enables the injustices to continue and wastes the precious time and resources expended to shape the recommendations, to resolve problems, and create safety.”

#SEA-25-081: Supporting a Whole-of-Government Implementation of the “Not One More” / Not Invisible Act Commission Recommendations to Address Missing & Murdered Indigenous Peoples and Human Trafficking

 — adopted by the NCAI General Assembly at its 82nd Annual Convention — Tribal Nations expressed their unified voice: The federal government must restore these resources and fully implement the recommendations. This is not just a policy request; it is a call to honor the time, testimony, and lived experiences that shaped these efforts. When the voices of victims, survivors, and families are centered, the path forward becomes clearer, more effective, and more just.

Not One More Report and related responses

 from DOJ, DOI, and DHHS publicly available to ensure Tribal leaders, families, and advocates can continue to access these tools, push for progress, and hold the federal government accountable. This is the first time in over a year that these three documents have been presented together on a publicly accessible website.

NCAI calls for the immediate restoration and preservation of these resources on federal platforms as well as full implementation of the recommendations by Congress, the President, and all relevant federal agencies. Ensuring continued access and implementation is one step toward honoring survivors, supporting families, and making meaningful progress toward ending the MMIPR crisis. The work has already been outlined. What is needed now is follow-through.

Tami Truett Jerue, NCAI VAW Task Force Co-Chair, Executive Director of the Alaska Native Women’s Resource Center, and Not Invisible Act Commission Member, added, “The Not Invisible Act Commission was built on the voices of survivors, families, and Tribal Nations who trusted that their pain would be heard and their testimony would lead to change. That trust demands a response. The Commission identified gaps in law, policy, and practice that have allowed violence against Alaska Native and American Indian women and girls to go unaddressed for far too long. May 5th, the National Day of Awareness for Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Relatives, is a reminder that those recommendations are not suggestions. They are the pathway to safety. The recommendations exist. The path is clear. Our communities have waited long enough. It is time to act.”

Not One More Report and Related Resources

NCAI and VAW Task Force Co-Chairs Commemorate Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Relatives Awareness Day

 — The National Congress of American Indians was honored to be represented by NCAI President Mark Macarro and Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr., during events held in conjunction with His Majesty King Charles III’s visit to Washington, D.C., including the Garden Party hosted at the British Ambassador’s residence. Guests included Yvette Cooper, Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs; Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Mike Johnson; former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and her husband Paul; and Holly Cook Macarro, wife of NCAI President Macarro. In addition to the Garden Party, President Macarro was a special guest of King Charles III at the joint meeting of Congress, along with other dignitaries and leaders of causes important to His Majesty.

Their participation reflects the importance of ensuring Tribal Nations and Indigenous Peoples are visible and included in diplomatic, governmental, and international spaces where relationships are strengthened, histories are acknowledged — including difficult histories — and shared futures are discussed. NCAI’s inclusion in these events was meaningful and emblematic of a broader acknowledgment of the sovereign status of Tribal Nations and the importance of Indigenous representation in diplomatic spaces.

NCAI’s presence at these events underscores a fundamental truth: Tribal Nations are sovereign governments with enduring political, cultural, and diplomatic relationships that long predate the formation of the United States and continue to shape the world today. As heads of sovereigns, Tribal Leaders must be included in conversations with other Heads of State and Government to ensure our interests and rights are being preserved, protected, and enhanced.

“It was an honor to meet His Majesty King Charles III during his visit to Washington, D.C., and to attend the Garden Party at the British Ambassador’s residence alongside NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr.,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “We were also deeply honored to be among those invited to attend the King’s historic address before Congress. Tribal Nations and Indigenous Peoples must be seen and included in spaces where diplomacy, history, and future partnerships are being shaped, and NCAI is proud to represent Indian Country.”

Since ascending to the British throne, His Majesty King Charles III has met with and engaged in dialogue with Indigenous leaders from Canada and Brazil. King Charles III will conclude his visit to the United States by meeting with Tribal representatives at Shenandoah National Park in Virginia.

NCAI looks forward to continuing its work with Tribal Nations, partners, and allies to advance sovereignty, uphold trust and treaty obligations, and strengthen the visibility and influence of Indigenous leadership at every level.

NCAI Statement on President Mark Macarro and Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr.'s Participation in Events During His Majesty King Charles III’s Visit to Washington, D.C.

June 14–17, 2026 | Renasant Convention Center

Join us for NCAI's 2026 Mid Year Convention & Marketplace! Work collaboratively with federal partners and Tribal organizations to defend and enhance Tribal sovereignty. 

Tribal leaders, NCAI members, Native youth, and partners from across Indian Country will gather for daily thematic programming featuring plenary panels and breakout sessions highlighting Tribal civic engagement, pertinent legislation and advocacy updates, and Tribal governance best practices.

Register Now for Mid Year 2026

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was honored to participate in the 24th Session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII), held from April 22 to May 2, 2025. In partnership with the Native American Rights Fund (NARF), NCAI delivered interventions focused on strengthening the participation of Indigenous Peoples across the UN system, advancing the protection of Indigenous Peoples’ intellectual property rights, and ensuring sustainable financing for Indigenous engagement in multilateral forums.

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Finally, during the thematic dialogue on financing Indigenous Peoples’ participation, NCAI underscored the tangible impacts that even modest investments in the participation of Indigenous Peoples in the work of the UN can make. NCAI called for UN entities, Member States, and the private sector to institutionalize sustainable financial support for the meaningful participation of Indigenous Peoples at the UN, including through consistent funding of the UN Voluntary Fund for Indigenous Peoples, the Indigenous Coordinating Body, and other critical mechanisms​.

Together, these interventions reflect NCAI’s continued commitment to advancing Indigenous Peoples’ self-determination, strengthening the participation of Indigenous Peoples at 

 levels of decision-making, and ensuring that international commitments translate into meaningful action.

NCAI thanks the Permanent Forum, Indigenous delegates, and our partners for their continued efforts to center Indigenous Peoples' voices in the work of the United Nations and beyond, and we look forward to continuing this critical advocacy in the years ahead.

Centering Indigenous Voices: NCAI and NARF Advocacy at the 24th UNPFII

Today, Native people serve in the United States military at five times the national average yet are often overlooked and underrepresented in policy-making decisions affecting veterans as a whole. In this episode of 

, we mark the 30th anniversary of the NCAI Veterans Committee, established in 1995 to advocate for and address the unique needs of Native veterans.

We are honored to be joined by the three current Co-Chairs of the NCAI Veterans Committee and NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. Together, they reflect on their military service, share their experiences as Native veterans, and discuss the Committee’s vision and priorities for the future.

Honoring Traditions of Service: The NCAI Veterans Committee

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) stands in unwavering solidarity with Tribal Nations across Indian Country as national monuments, including indispensable culturally and spiritually significant sites, face renewed threats of revocation and degradation. Tribal Nations over centuries have been forced to defend their sacred homelands from desecration, inappropriately placed resource extraction, vandalism and looting, and management practices that threaten Tribal history and places that are embedded in Native cultures. The recent weakening of the infrastructure of the public lands management agencies, funding freezes that have stalled conservation efforts across public lands, and menacing references to privatization impact the well-being of our communities and threaten the inherent rights of Tribal Nations to steward and protect their ancestral lands, cultural resources, and sacred sites for future generations.

“National monuments are an essential tool for preserving the living homelands for Tribal Nations — not just federally designated and protected locations,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “They preserve vibrant landscapes with interconnected cultural, natural, and spiritual significance — not just museums exhibiting what was. These places carry the songs, the stories, the ancestors, and the spirit of our people. Any move to erase those protections is a direct affront to the sovereignty, heritage, and spiritual lifeways of the Tribal Nations who fought for their designation.”

National Monuments like Chuckwalla, Bears Ears, Grand Staircase-Escalante, Sàttitla Highlands, and others were designated in close federal consultation with Tribal Nations, honoring generations of stewardship and resistance. Culture and land are directly and sacredly connected for Tribal Nations across the United States. They are home to ceremonial spaces, shrines and other sites of worship, medicinal plants and resources, ancestral villages, petroglyphs, and ancient burial grounds — all of which remain vital to the cultural resilience of Native peoples.

“Attempting to strip protections from these monuments sends a dangerous signal that Indigenous history and presence can be erased at the stroke of a pen,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “These lands are sacred trust spaces, and protecting them is not just a matter of policy; it’s a matter of spiritual and cultural survival.”

NCAI brings this position forward not as an outside observer, but as the organized voice of Tribal Nations themselves. Every statement we make is grounded in resolutions that are debated, refined, and adopted by Tribal delegates during national gatherings. These resolutions emerge from sovereign governments, are brought to the floor by Tribal leaders, and are voted on by representatives chosen by their Nations. This is how the defense of Bears Ears, Grand Staircase-Escalante, and other sacred sites entered the national record, not through backroom negotiations but through open deliberation guided by cultural and historic responsibility. The authority we carry reflects the governance of hundreds of Tribal Nations standing together to protect what is living and sacred. The restoration of Bears Ears and the return of the name Denali were not granted; they were hard-won outcomes of sustained Tribal advocacy, made possible through this collective structure.

The 2015 restoration of the original Koyukon Athabaskan name of our nation’s high mountain, Denali, which means “The High One,” illustrates the importance of honoring Indigenous place names and cultural ties to the land and these places. Denali has life and agency; it is not just a name. Despite deeply held cultural beliefs and broad support, it faced political pushback, revealing how even symbolic recognition of tribal heritage can be ignored and contested. As sacred sites and traditional cultural properties face new threats, we must reaffirm that protecting these lands also means respecting the names, stories, and sovereignty they carry.

NCAI calls on the Administration and Congress to uphold the sovereignty of Tribal Nations by protecting these sacred lands. The intent of the Antiquities Act must be honored, not undermined. These protections were not handed down; they were secured through years of intertribal advocacy and federal-tribal consultation. Rolling them back is not just a policy reversal. It is a denial of Tribal presence, knowledge, and responsibility. It is a threat to the cultural and spiritual survival of our Peoples.

On April 7, 2025, NCAI, Tribal Nations, and the Mojave Elder Committee sent President Trump and Department of the Interior Secretary Burgum a letter regarding Chuckwalla National Monument's status as a national monument and related protections.

NCAI Stands with Tribal Nations on Threats to National Monuments and Sacred Tribal Lands

The Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board and a Catholic charter school cite federal Indian Boarding schools as an example of federal funding of religious education without acknowledging that the schools in question were a form of cultural genocide.

Washington D.C. — On Monday, April 7, the National Congress of American Indians, the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, and the Association on American Indian Affairs filed an amicus brief in 

Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board v. Drummond 

St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School v. Drummond

, both on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. The Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board and the Catholic school argue that the federal government has a longstanding tradition of funding religious education—pointing to federal Indian boarding schools and treaties with Tribal Nations—as evidence that such funding does not violate the U.S. Constitution’s principle of separation of church and state.

The amicus brief seeks to clarify that federal Indian boarding schools were part of the federal government’s Indian “civilization” policy that sought to forcibly assimilate Indian children by converting them to Christianity. The brief also explains the difference between Tribal Nations directing the United States to spend Tribal money on Indian education and federal spending of public money for the religious education of Indians. The Tribal organizations explain that neither example should be mischaracterized or misused to justify federal funding for religious education today.

"The traumatic impact caused by federal Indian boarding schools has been condemned globally. As educators should know, the Indian boarding schools were a shameful genocidal system aimed to ‘Kill the Indian, save the man’ and should not be used as a legal argument on who is entitled to tax payer money allocated for public education," said Shannon O’Loughlin, citizen of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Chief Executive and Attorney for the Association on American Indian Affairs. The Association has worked since 1922 to protect Native Nations’ sovereignty and address the lasting impacts of federal Indian boarding schools on Native Peoples. “The so-called tradition referenced in the educators’ legal arguments involved separating children from their families without parental consent, isolating them in often torturous conditions, deliberately erasing their identities, their languages, and forcibly converting them to Christianity, as well as utilizing Native children for labor.”

Native communities survived the genocidal federal Indian boarding school system and continue to heal from the intergenerational trauma the system caused.

"Native people are still healing from the impacts of the federal boarding school system—a system deliberately created to disrupt Native culture and dismantle Native families. The children who survived these institutions were left to restore identities that had been systematically stripped away and to rebuild the sacred bonds with their families, communities, cultures, and spiritual practices that were intentionally severed,” said National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition Chief Executive Officer Deborah Parker. “The healing continues today and must be supported—especially by educators who should know better. A policy rooted in cultural genocide is not one to aspire to or uphold as an example.”

The amicus brief also emphasizes critical distinctions in the School Board’s and Catholic school’s argument’s that erroneously equate Tribal Nations directing the use of 

 money for religious education and the federal government expending 

 money for the religious education of Indigenous peoples. The former is an exercise of Tribal sovereignty not constrained by the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The latter was part of a federal policy that included forcing Indian children to convert to Christianity and flew in the face of the Establishment Clause.

“Some Tribal Nations receive education funding from the United States based on treaties and other agreements with the United States. What those Tribes decide to do with their funds is at their discretion and not an equivalent to federal expenditures of public monies which must follow the rules established by the United States government and Constitution,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr.

“There are many legal concerns with the School Board and Church’s arguments, but our simple point is that federal funding to convert Indians to Christianity and federal suppression of Native religions should not be mischaracterized or misused by the Court in this case or otherwise,” said NARF Executive Director John Echohawk.

Amy M. Echo-Hawk, Native American Rights Fund:

CC Hovie, Association on American Indian Affairs:

Sherrie Catanach, National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition:

Tribal Organizations Shine Light on the History of Federal Indian Boarding Schools and Tribal Sovereignty in Education

NCAI resolutions are one of the policy mechanisms used to express the organizational positions on tribal, federal, state, and/or local legislation, litigation, and policy matters that affect tribal governments or communities. All of NCAI’s advocacy work is guided by the 

. Only Individual Indian members in good standing with NCAI may submit a resolution for consideration.

Policy resolutions are now being accepted for the 2025 Mid Year Convention. To prepare your submission, please download the Resolutions template 

. You may submit resolutions through our online portal 

The deadline to submit resolutions is Monday, May 12, 2025, at 11:59 p.m. EST. Please note that all resolutions for Mid Year must be emergency in nature and national in scope. Please read the instructions in the form for more detailed information.

Please note that this portal is not for Tribal Delegate Resolutions, which should be emailed to 

Policy Resolutions: Now Accepting Submissions for NCAI’s Mid Year Convention & Marketplace

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), in partnership with the 

National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers

 (CEQ) in response to its rescission of the baseline regulations governing federal agencies’ environmental review of major federal actions spanning infrastructure projects to grants of permits and licenses.

In response to President Donald Trump’s executive order, 

 (IFR), which goes into effect April 11, 2025, erases the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) implementing regulations altogether, replacing it with 7-pages of guidance while more than 80 federal agencies replace their agency-specific regulations. The NEPA regulations, originally promulgated in 1978, remained virtually unchanged until the first Trump Administration’s sweeping revisions in 2020. These were followed by the Biden Administration’s changes in 2022 and 2024. The most recent version incorporates numerous provisions directly relevant to Tribal Nations, such as an exemption of some Tribally approved projects, consideration of effects on Tribal cultural resources, an explicit role for traditional Indigenous Knowledge, and taking government-to-government consultation into account when calculating the timeframe for environmental review. Some of these provisions were originally proposed by NCAI. 

You can read more about NEPA Phase 2 here.

, yet CEQ failed to engage in the required government-to-government consultation — a breach of the federal trust responsibility. The comment letter outlines multiple substantive concerns and procedural defects and calls on CEQ to reverse course, stating: “Refusal to engage in consultation disregards the progress of the federal-Tribal trust relationship over the past 57-year history of the Self-Determination and Self-Governance era of federal Indian law and policy.”

NCAI’s key recommendations for CEQ include:

Delaying the IFR’s effective date to engage in robust government-to-government consultation with Tribal Nations about the rule’s significant tribal implications;

Advising agencies that they are required to engage in government-to-government consultation with Tribal Nations for proposed federal actions affecting Tribal Nations;

The creation of a centralized digital consultation portal, acknowledging how the current fragmented system burdens Tribal Nations;

Recognition of Indigenous Knowledge’s value in conducting environmental review;

Maintaining the requirement that agencies review potential cumulative and indirect impacts in their Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements; and

Collaborate with Congress to make much-needed amendments to NEPA that explicitly affirm the trust responsibility and clarify CEQ’s rulemaking authority.

NCAI reaffirms its commitment to defending tribal sovereignty and environmental justice and calls upon CEQ and the Administration to fully engage with Tribal Nations per federal law, established policy, and principles of mutual respect.

NCAI Issues Formal Comments to CEQ Regarding NEPA Regulation Rollbacks and Federal Government’s Trust Responsibility

, we explore the Land Back movement, an effort led by American Indian and Alaska Native people to restore traditional homelands to Tribal Nations. The goal of this movement is not only to reclaim property stolen from Native communities, but to restore stewardship and sovereignty over ancestral lands. While we share recent successes and highlights, we also examine the deep historical roots and ongoing struggles of this movement.

Raphael Wahwassuck, Tribal Council Member and Tribal Historic Preservation Officer for the Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation, joins us to discuss the recent return of 1,500 acres of land, remedying two centuries of injustice and dispossession for his tribe. He shares the long history of this issue for his tribe and how other Tribal Nations can learn from the Prairie Band Potawatomi’s advocacy and experience on this issue.

Land Back: Restoring Sovereignty, Remedying Injustice

 — The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) condemns the recent executive order to begin dismantling the U.S. Department of Education. NCAI calls the move reckless, politically motivated, and a direct threat to Native students, tribal sovereignty, and the federal government’s trust and treaty obligations.

“Let us be clear: This is not just an administrative change – it’s an attack on the fundamental right of Native students to a quality education that reflects their identity, history, and sovereignty,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “The trust and treaty responsibilities of the United States are not optional. Dismantling the Department of Education is a betrayal to Native Nations and future generations.”

Over 90% of Native youth attend public schools, many of which rely on federal resources like Title VI and Johnson-O'Malley funding to support Native language preservation, cultural education, and academic success. Eliminating the federal agency responsible for delivering and safeguarding those resources would further marginalize Native students and destabilize tribal education systems.

“This move sends a dangerous message that Native students, their cultures, and their futures are expendable,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “We will not sit silently while centuries of progress in Native education are dismantled for political convenience. We demand the U.S. government honor its trust responsibilities and protect the rights of Native students.”

NCAI urges Congress to immediately reject any attempt to eliminate or weaken federal education support and act swiftly to defend Tribal Nations’ rights to equitable, culturally grounded education.

NCAI Condemns Executive Order to Dismantle the U.S. Department of Education

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is deeply concerned by recent reports indicating the removal of content honoring the Navajo Code Talkers from several U.S. military websites. These brave individuals played an indispensable role during World War II, using their native language to develop an unbreakable code that was pivotal in securing victory in the Pacific Theater. Their contributions exemplify unparalleled patriotism and valor.

The Navajo Code Talkers’ legacy is not just a story of Native American resilience but a defining chapter in American history. Their contributions to the war effort saved countless lives, and any effort to erase or diminish their role is deeply troubling. We call on the Department of Defense to restore these materials immediately and ensure that the stories of Native service members remain accessible for future generations.

Reports have highlighted that at least ten articles referencing the Code Talkers have been removed from the U.S. Army and Department of Defense websites, with URLs now marked "DEI." This suggests a correlation with President Trump's executive order terminating federal diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives.

NCAI acknowledges the Department of Defense's commitment to policy compliance but emphasizes that honoring the legacy of the Navajo Code Talkers transcends DEI considerations. Their heroism is a testament to the rich cultural heritage and profound sacrifices of Native peoples in service to our nation.​

Native peoples have a long history of distinguished military service, consistently enlisting at higher rates than any other group in the United States. This overrepresentation is a testament to the deep dedication, warrior traditions, and sense of duty that have been central to Tribal Nations for generations. Among the most remarkable contributions are those of the Code Talkers, beginning with the Choctaw soldiers in World War I and continuing through World War II, when members of at least 14 Tribal Nations, including the Comanche, Meskwaki, Hopi, and Seminole, developed unbreakable codes that saved countless lives. In keeping with their values, many of these warriors never sought personal recognition, yet their legacy remains a profound source of pride. The removal of these historical records disrespects not only the Navajo Code Talkers but all Native service members who have answered the call to protect this nation.

"The Navajo Code Talkers’ legacy is not just a story of Native American resilience but a defining chapter in American history,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “Their contributions to the war effort saved countless lives, and any effort to erase or diminish their role is deeply troubling. We call on the Department of Defense to restore these materials immediately and ensure that the stories of Native service members remain accessible for future generations.”

Tribal Nations have a unique political and legal relationship with the United States, grounded in inherent sovereignty and recognized in the U.S. Constitution, treaties, and numerous federal laws and policies. The U.S. Supreme Court has consistently upheld this distinct legal and political status. As the federal government implements new policies, including those affecting DEI initiatives, it must not allow trust and treaty obligations to become collateral damage.

We call on the Trump Administration to prioritize the recognition of Native service members and their history, ensuring political changes do not diminish their contributions. We remain steadfast in advocating for Native rights and stand ready to collaborate with federal partners to uphold these commitments.

NCAI Statement on the Removal of Navajo Code Talkers Content from Military Websites

Washington, D.C. — The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mourns the passing of Arizona Congressman Raúl M. Grijalva, a lifelong champion and fearless advocate for Tribal Nations. His steadfast commitment to upholding tribal sovereignty, protecting sacred lands, and improving the well-being of tribal communities will be remembered for generations to come.

Throughout his more than two decades in Congress, Congressman Grijalva was a vocal defender of Native voices in federal policy. He authored and advanced landmark legislative action, seeking to ensure meaningful tribal consultation on federal actions impacting tribal communities through the Requirements, Expectations, and Standard Procedures in Effective Consultation with Tribes (RESPECT) Act, and giving Urban Indian Organizations a direct line to federal healthcare agencies through the Urban Indian Health Confer Act. His leadership also extended to work on the Advancing Tribal Parity on Public Land Act and the Tribal Cultural Areas Protection Act, which aimed to elevate tribal stewardship of public lands and safeguard sacred sites, and the Native Child Protection Act, addressing critical protections for Native children and families. Most recently, Congressman Grijalva introduced H.R. 8937 to support tribal water rights settlements and ensure safe, clean water for Tribal Nations and communities— an issue he knew was fundamental to tribal sovereignty and survival.

Beyond his legislative work, Congressman Grijalva was a fierce defender of sacred lands such as Oak Flat, Bears Ears, and Chaco Canyon, always standing with Tribal Nations to protect places of deep cultural and spiritual importance. His unwavering commitment to environmental justice and climate action was rooted in respect for Indigenous leadership and knowledge.

To Indian Country, Congressman Grijalva was a true ally whose work has left an indelible mark. To those closest to him, he was a beloved husband, father, grandfather, and friend. As NCAI reflects on his legacy, we extend our deepest condolences to Congressman Grijalva’s family, loved ones, friends, and staff. May our Creator guide him on a smooth journey to the next world. These are our prayers. His dedication to building strong relationships between the federal government and Tribal Nations will continue to serve as a foundation for the work ahead.

NCAI Mourns the Passing of Congressman Raúl M. Grijalva — A Tireless Champion for Indian Country

 | The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) proudly announces Mary Parker as our new Director of Communications. With over a decade of experience in public affairs, strategic messaging, stakeholder engagement, and tribal consultations, Ms. Parker brings a wealth of knowledge and a proven track record that will strengthen NCAI’s commitment to serving as the unified voice for Indian Country.

Ms. Parker joins NCAI following over six years at the National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC), where she served as Public Affairs Manager and official spokesperson. In this role, she led public affairs initiatives, oversaw media relations, and managed the agency’s brand identity. Her leadership extended to supervising cross-functional teams and leading instructional design efforts to ensure clear and effective communications with Tribal Nations and the broader public.

Ms. Parker is a recipient of multiple leadership awards recognizing her dedication and impact, including being named to the National Center for American Indian Enterprise Development’s prestigious "40 Under 40" list in 2020. Ms. Parker has an impressive academic background as well. She holds a Master’s degree in Administrative Leadership from the University of Oklahoma and is a doctoral candidate in Instructional Systems Design and Technology at Sam Houston State University. Her research focuses on digital equity and Native American education, reflecting her commitment to advancing educational opportunities and access for Native communities.

"Mary’s experience and deep understanding of tribal affairs, combined with her energetic and innovative approach to communications, make her a valuable new addition to our leadership team," said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr. "We are excited to welcome her to the NCAI team and look forward to her insightful leadership in communications as we all continue our work to protect tribal sovereignty and uplift Indian Country."

In her new role, Ms. Parker will lead NCAI’s Communications Department, shaping the organization’s strategic messaging, strengthening media engagement, and ensuring NCAI continues to provide timely and impactful information to Tribal Nations, policymakers, and the public. Ms. Parker is a citizen of the Cherokee Nation.

Please join us in welcoming Mary Parker to the NCAI team!

NCAI Welcomes Mary Parker as Director of Communications

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is excited to share a new 

 jointly launched with a coalition of over 20 national tribal organizations. This hub was established by the Coalition to safeguard Indian Country's interests against ongoing executive orders and federal funding cuts, offering a wealth of resources to support Tribal Nations and communities.

Administrative and Congressional Letters:

 Stay informed with critical communications, including letters to House and Senate leadership on budget reconciliation, and letters to federal agencies such as the BIA, SBA, DoD, Treasury, HUD, OPM, DOI, EPA, HHS, and DHS.

 Participate in data collection to track the real-time impacts of federal policy changes. Surveys include initiatives from NARF, NIHB, NIEA, NICWA, and the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.

 Access valuable tools such as talking points, framing papers, joint organization letters, and templates to aid your advocacy efforts as they become available.

 Find information about upcoming consultations, emergency strategy sessions, and the latest news stories impacting Indian Country, including executive orders, federal policies, and national developments.

This hub is a powerful tool for those working to uphold the nation-to-nation relationship between Tribal Nations and the United States. We encourage you to explore these resources, share your experiences through the surveys, and join us in advocating for the protection of tribal sovereignty and community well-being.


Visit the new Tribal Org Coalition Hub and Explore Vital Resources for Indian Country

On February 27, 2025, President Mark Macarro, Tribal Chairman of the Pechanga Band of Indians and President of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), testified before the U.S. House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. In his oral testimony, Macarro reaffirmed the unique government-to-government relationship between Tribal Nations and the United States, stressing that the federal government has obligations to provide essential services and support for tribal communities.

President Macarro reminded the subcommittee that these legal obligations are "rooted in treaties, trust obligations, the Constitution, and long-standing federal statutes." He continued, "In exchange for the land and resources that made the United States the great country it is today, Tribal Nations paid, in full, to retain their inherent right of sovereignty and for the programs and services they receive."

Tribal programs and funding are delivered as part of these trust and treaty responsibilities and are not race-based or discretionary.

With respect to trust responsibility, agencies should engage in official and direct government-to-government consultations with Tribal Nations during decision-making processes. One example is 25 U.S.C. § 2011, which, under the Indian Education Act of 1972, as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act, statutorily requires tribal consultation to ensure quality education for all tribal members.

Federal employee staffing cuts have a profound, far-reaching, and potentially disastrous impact on Indian Country. For example, staffing cuts inside the Office of Indian Services at the Bureau of Indian Affairs have seen severe losses, so they no longer have the capacity to distribute funding to Tribal Nations under 

Tribal Nations are often vital economic engines for rural and isolated areas, and a reduction in federal funding or workforce is likely to impact Indian and adjacent communities disproportionately. For example, tribal communities' law enforcement, public safety, and justice are already woefully underfunded, with funding at only 12% of the estimated need.

President Macarro called for the preservation of tribal program funding and staff levels, stressing that Indian Country spending within the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Education, and the Indian Health Service represents a small fraction of the federal budget. This fraction is approximately less than a quarter of 1% and should not bear the brunt of any proposed budget cuts.

The leadership of other tribal organizations testified alongside President Macarro, sharing testimony covering pertinent topics, including education, health, child welfare, social services, forestry, fisheries, and more. 

Additional details about the hearing and the live stream can be found 

Read President Macarro's Written Testimony 

NCAI Testifies Before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies

, we commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act. Enacted on January 4, 1975, this pivotal piece of legislation marked a major shift in federal Indian policy. It authorized Tribal Nations to enter into contracts with the federal government for the provision of essential services. The goal was to shift control and autonomy of those services from Washington, D.C., to the tribes themselves. Join us as we explore the history and ongoing significance of this legislation to Indian Country.

The ISDEAA: 50 Years of Empowering Tribal Nations

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) applauds the White House nomination of William "Billy" Kirkland III to serve as Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs at the U.S. Department of the Interior. This position is critical to upholding the federal government’s trust and treaty responsibilities and ensuring the effective delivery of services to Tribal Nations and individuals.

Kirkland brings leadership experience in areas relevant to Indian Affairs, having previously served as Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Director of Intergovernmental Affairs from 2017 to 2021. Kirkland is a citizen of the Navajo Nation and holds a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from the University of Georgia.

"NCAI looks forward to engaging with Kirkland upon his confirmation to protect and further strengthen the government-to-government relationship and advance policy priorities that support Tribal Nations," says NCAI President Mark Macarro. "We remain committed to working in partnership with the Department of the Interior to uphold tribal sovereignty."

Kirkland’s nomination will now be considered for confirmation by the Senate, beginning with the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs.

NCAI Applauds the Nomination of William “Billy” Kirkland III for Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs

Washington, D.C. – A coalition of Tribal organizations representing Tribal Nations and their citizens and communities is calling on the Administration to ensure that recent executive actions do not undermine the unique sovereign political status of Tribal Nations as sovereign nations with which the federal government has trust and treaty obligations, or disrupt federal funding that flows from those relationships for essential Tribal programs.

Following the issuance of multiple executive orders and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) directives, concerns arose over freezes on federal funding that Tribal Nations and Tribal organizations, including urban Indian organizations, rely on to provide critical healthcare, economic development, education, and social services to Tribal communities. While OMB has since rescinded the initial memorandum, questions remain about how federal agencies will interpret and implement the Administration’s executive orders and policies moving forward.

Tribal Nations are not special interest groups—they are sovereign governments with a unique legal and political relationship with the United States and with their own Tribal communities. The trust and treaty obligations of the federal government are political and debt-based in nature. Tribal Nations’ sovereignty and the federal government’s delivery on its trust and treaty obligations must not become collateral damage in broader policy shifts.

The coalition emphasizes that federal funding for Tribal programs is not discretionary, but rather a legal mandate owed under the United States’ trust and treaty obligations and the many statutes that carry them out. The organizations urge the Administration to explicitly recognize Tribal sovereignty and trust and treaty obligations in the implementation of all executive orders and priorities and to ensure that federal agencies provide clear guidance that protects Tribal programs from unnecessary disruption.

As the Administration advances its priorities, it must do so in a way that respects Tribal sovereignty, strengthens self-determination, and delivers on trust and treaty obligations. We stand ready to work with federal partners to ensure that all policies and decisions uphold the government-to-government relationship between the U.S. and Tribal Nations.

The coalition will continue to advocate for Tribal sovereignty and fulfillment of the trust and treaty obligations and ensure that the voices of Indian Country are heard in Washington. A full copy of the sign-on letter can be found here: 

For media inquiries, please contact: ncaipress@ncai.org

American Indian Higher Education Consortium

California Tribal Chairpersons Association

Great Plains Tribal Chairmans Association

Native American Finance Officers Association

National American Indian Court Judges Association

National Indian Child Welfare Association

Northern California Tribal Chairperson’s Association

Self-Governance Communication & Education Tribal Consortium

Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association

About the National Congress of American Indians: 

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to-government policies, and promoting a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people and rights. For more information, visit 

Tribal Organizations Urge Administration to Respect Tribal Sovereignty and Uphold Trust and Treaty Obligations Amid Executive Actions

Part two of Episode 20 continues our exploration of NCAI’s international advocacy work and examines further how NCAI’s advocacy for Indigenous Peoples on the global stage ties into its larger mission of promoting tribal sovereignty.

In this expanded conversation led by Rochelle Morgan-Verdin, NCAI’s Policy Lead for International Issues and citizen of the United Houma Nation, we hear from two additional experts who have been deeply involved in the organization’s advocacy for decades. They shed light on the history of NCAI’s international work, what progress is being made today, and what we can expect in the years to come.

Advocacy on the International Stage: The NCAI International Committee, Part 2

Webinar Series: Understanding the EPA's New Regulatory Revisions to Water Quality Standards

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) celebrates the historic decision to grant clemency to Leonard Peltier, an 80-year-old elder of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, federal boarding school survivor, and one of the longest incarcerated Native American political prisoners. In his final moments in office, President Biden commuted Leonard Peltier's two life sentences, allowing him to serve the remainder of his sentence from home. While this decision does not exonerate Leonard Peltier for the crimes of which he was unjustly convicted, nor does it erase the decades of suffering and profound injustice he endured, it offers him the opportunity to return to his ancestral homelands and spend his remaining years with his loved ones – a long-overdue step towards justice that will allow collective healing for Leonard Peltier and the broader community. Upon learning about President Biden’s historic action, NCAI President Mark Macarro stated, “After nearly 50 years of unjust imprisonment, President Biden’s decision to grant Leonard Peltier the opportunity to return home is a powerful act of compassion and an important step toward healing.”

As we celebrate Leonard Peltier’s commutation, it is important to recognize that Leonard Peltier’s case has long symbolized the systemic injustices faced by Indigenous Peoples. This victory belongs to those who have fought for justice, especially those who refused to let the injustice against Leonard Peltier fade from public consciousness. This moment serves as a testament to the power of tireless advocacy, grassroots organizing, and intergenerational collective action by Tribal Nations, human rights organizations, and global allies.

Leonard Peltier is Going Home: A Step Toward Healing and Justice

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) congratulates Secretary Deb Haaland and the Department of the Interior (DOI) for their reaffirmation of the United States’ commitment to advancing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This continued support is a critical step in fulfilling our nation’s obligations to Indigenous Peoples.

President Obama’s historic endorsement of the UNDRIP in 2010 marked a defining moment in the United States’ relationship with Indigenous Peoples, affirming their inherent rights and sovereignty. This commitment was further solidified in 2014 through 

the UNGA Resolution adopting the Outcome Document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples

Advancing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

,” issued by the DOI on January 14, 2025, further underscores the nation’s dedication to partnering with Indigenous Peoples in realizing the principles enshrined in the UNDRIP.

As Larry Wright, Jr., Executive Director of the National Congress of American Indians, powerfully asserts, “The protections enshrined in the UNDRIP are merely a baseline and should be the floor upon which we build meaningful progress. The United States has an obligation to ensure the realization of these rights and restore the integrity of its relationship with Indigenous Peoples.” Crucial to this effort is the collaboration with Indigenous representatives to develop strategies for the meaningful implementation of the UNDRIP. NCAI resolutions 

 emphasize the need for the United States to honor its 2014 commitments and lead by example—by developing a comprehensive national action plan for implementing the UNDRIP, appointing a Special Envoy for Global Indigenous Affairs, and ensuring the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations through their own representative institutions. These are necessary initial steps in building a foundation upon which true progress can be made in protecting the full spectrum of rights outlined in the UNDRIP.

NCAI remains unwavering in its commitment to the full implementation of the UNDRIP, both within the United States and on the global stage. We look forward to continued collaboration with the Department of the Interior and other federal agencies to ensure the rights of Indigenous Peoples are fully protected through the full and meaningful implementation of the UNDRIP.

NCAI Applauds Secretary Deb Haaland and the Department of the Interior for Reaffirming U.S. Commitment to UNDRIP

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In this episode of The Sentinel, we honor and celebrate the Two-Spirit community. We uncover the origins of the term ‘Two-Spirit’ and how Native people acknowledge and reclaim this tradition and identity today. We listen to recorded excerpts from the Two-Spirit Panel held at the 2025 NCAI Executive Council Winter Session, where our panelists and guests discussed the community's current challenges and how tribal leaders can advocate for their Two-Spirit relatives.

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