The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) applauds the nomination of Senator Markwayne Mullin of Oklahoma to serve as Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This role carries significant responsibility for the safety and security of communities across the country, including Tribal Nations.

The nomination of Senator Mullin (Cherokee Nation) to a cabinet-level position reflects the increasing presence of Native voices in national leadership. Representation matters, and the nomination of a Tribal citizen to such a prominent federal position is significant for Indian Country.

During his time in Congress, Senator Mullin has been a member of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (SCIA) and engaged with issues affecting Tribal communities. He has supported efforts to strengthen economic development, infrastructure, and opportunity in Indian Country. Tribal leaders have long emphasized the importance of federal officials understanding the government-to-government relationship between Tribal Nations and the United States, as well as the unique public safety and homeland security challenges that many Tribal communities face.

As the nomination process moves forward, NCAI looks forward to hearing more about Senator Mullin’s priorities for DHS and how he plans to work with Tribal Nations. Robust, timely Tribal consultation and sustained collaboration with Tribal governments will be essential as DHS addresses issues such as border security, emergency management, cybersecurity, and infrastructure protection that affect Tribal lands and citizens.

NCAI remains committed to working with leaders across the federal government and with Congress to ensure that Tribal sovereignty is respected and that the priorities of Tribal Nations are reflected in national policy discussions.

About the National Congress of American Indians: 

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of Tribal governments and communities, promoting strong Tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

NCAI Applauds Nomination of Senator Markwayne Mullin for U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mourns the passing of JoAnn K. Chase (Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara), a visionary leader and former Executive Director who strengthened NCAI’s national presence and advanced the rights of Tribal Nations across the United States. NCAI extends its deepest condolences to her family, the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation, and all who were impacted by her leadership, mentorship, and friendship.

JoAnn Chase served as Executive Director of NCAI and the NCAI Fund from 1994 to 2001. During her tenure, she transformed the organization’s capacity and reach, tripling its staff, operating budget, and Tribal membership. Under her leadership, NCAI became a stronger, more visible, and more effective advocate for Tribal sovereignty in the nation’s capital. She worked closely with Tribal Leaders, Congress, the Executive Branch, and national civil rights organizations to advance policies protecting Tribal self-determination and the rights of Tribal Nations.

“The role of Executive Director is both a privilege and an earned trust – one that requires listening, humility, and unwavering commitment to Tribal sovereignty,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr. “JoAnn carried that trust with honor. Her leadership expanded NCAI’s capacity and strengthened our voice in Washington, and her legacy continues to guide the work we do for Tribal Nations today.”


Prior to serving as Executive Director, Chase held multiple leadership roles at NCAI, including Director of Governmental Affairs and Policy Analyst. Across these positions, she helped design and implement NCAI’s governmental affairs program, shaped public policy advocacy, and strengthened the organization’s legislative engagement on behalf of Tribal governments.

Throughout her distinguished career, Chase remained committed to building inclusive institutions and strengthening Native leadership. Following her tenure at NCAI, she served as Director of the American Indian Environmental Office in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, where she provided national leadership on environmental protection and Tribal consultation. She later continued her work in philanthropy, policy, and the arts, championing initiatives that expanded opportunity and representation for Indigenous Peoples and communities of color.


NCAI honors JoAnn Chase’s enduring contributions to Tribal Nations and to the generations of Native leaders who continue the work she helped strengthen. Her legacy lives on in the institutions she helped build and in the continued advancement of Tribal sovereignty across Indian Country.

NCAI Mourns the Passing of JoAnn K. Chase, Former Executive Director of the National Congress of American Indians

Resolutions are one of the policy mechanisms utilized by NCAI to express the consensus positions of member Tribal Nations on Tribal, federal, state, and/or local legislation, litigation, or policy matters that affect the welfare and rights of American Indian and Alaska Native governments or communities.

Resolutions submitted for consideration at NCAI’s Executive Council Winter Session (ECWS) must be emergency in nature and national in scope. At this year’s 2026 ECWS, NCAI received a total of ten resolutions. The NCAI Executive Committee recommended the adoption of four of the resolutions. You can view the final adopted resolutions 

. From there, view and download the resolutions by clicking the link in the Resolution Number.

2026 ECWS Policy Resolutions Now Available

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mourns the passing of Reverend Jesse L. Jackson, a lifelong champion for civil rights and human dignity whose leadership helped shape national movements for justice, inclusion, and opportunity.

For decades, Reverend Jackson pushed the country to do better by building coalitions, organizing alongside working families, and insisting that those too often excluded from decisions and resources be heard and respected. His steady voice reminded the nation that rights are not abstract, and dignity is not negotiable.

Tribal Nations know the long work of protecting the people — defending sovereignty, strengthening communities, and holding the United States to its promises. Reverend Jackson’s example reflects the power of principled leadership and solidarity across communities, and the responsibility to keep pressing forward when progress is resisted.

“Reverend Jackson devoted his life to advancing dignity and opportunity for those too often excluded from it,” said Larry Wright Jr., Executive Director of the National Congress of American Indians. “We extend our deepest condolences to his family and loved ones, and to all who drew strength from his message. May his legacy continue to move our nation toward fairness, respect, and equality for all.”

NCAI extends condolences to Reverend Jackson’s family, friends, and all those who carry his work forward.

National Congress of American Indians Mourns the Passing of Reverend Jesse L. Jackson

The National Congress of American Indians mourns the passing of Jim Gray, former Principal Chief of the Osage Nation, and extends its deepest condolences to his family, loved ones, and the Osage people.


“Jim Gray devoted his life to strengthening the Osage Nation and advancing Tribal sovereignty through lasting nation-building,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “He led with integrity and a clear commitment to his people, leaving a legacy that will endure for generations. On behalf of NCAI, we extend our deepest condolences to the Osage Nation and to all who loved and learned from him.”


Chief Gray was widely respected for advancing nation-building and strengthening Tribal governance. During his service, he helped guide a significant restoration and modernization of Osage governance — work that centered Osage citizenship, expanded participation, and reinforced the inherent right of Tribal Nations to define their own political futures. He also brought a steady, informed voice to broader Indian Country conversations through his work in Native media and civic engagement.


NCAI honors Chief Gray’s legacy as the kind of leadership Indian Country depends on: grounded in community, focused on strong governance, and committed to sovereignty in practice — not just in principle. His work reflected a belief NCAI shares: that the strength of Indian Country is built through strong Tribal governments, accountable institutions, and informed citizens.


NCAI stands with the Osage Nation in honoring Chief Gray’s life and legacy, and in recognizing his lasting contributions to Tribal sovereignty and self-determination.


NCAI Mourns the Passing of Jim Gray, former Principal Chief of the Osage Nation

 — The Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative (IFAI) and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) today announced the launch of a new collaborative digital resource hub designed to empower Tribal Nations in exercising their sovereignty through agricultural development and food system regulation.

This partnership brings together IFAI's legal and policy expertise with NCAI's national advocacy and representative strength. The newly unveiled webpage serves as a "one-stop shop" for Tribal leaders, producers, and policymakers, offering comprehensive tools, including model Tribal food and agriculture codes, templates for establishing Tribal Departments of Agriculture (TDOA), and guidance on navigating federal funding and programs.

“Food sovereignty is a critical component of Tribal sovereignty. The ability to feed our own people supports Tribal self-governance, continuity of cultural foodways, economic stability, and community resilience,” said IFAI Executive Director Carly Griffith Hotvedt (Cherokee Nation).. “This collection of resources is a hub for any Tribe interested in securing food sovereignty, from those just getting started to those exploring opportunities for further development. Informational guides, case studies, funding opportunities, and events specific to Tribal food sovereignty are available in a centralized format. The Tribal Food Sovereignty Innovation Lab is a valuable tool to advance Tribal priorities in food and agriculture systems work. Osda!”

The release of the Tribal Food Sovereignty Innovation Lab comes at a critical time as more Tribal Nations seek to build their own regulatory capacity, move toward food independence, and protect their lands from external regulatory encroachment. The resources highlight successful case studies of Tribes currently operating their own agricultural departments and provide a roadmap for others to follow.

“Our collaboration with IFAI marks a significant milestone in our mission to put ‘Tribal sovereignty into food sovereignty,’” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “This new webpage and accompanying resources are designed to be a living library for Indian Country, providing Tribal Nations the practical tools needed to govern their own food systems, invest in their producers, and ensure a healthy, self-determined future for the next seven generations.”

For more information and to access the resources, 

About the Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative

IFAI focuses on enhancing health and wellness in Tribal communities by advancing healthy food systems, diversified economic development, and cultural food traditions. Based at the University of Arkansas, IFAI provides Tribal governments, producers, and food businesses with strategic legal analysis, policy research, and educational resources.

IFAI and NCAI Launch New Webpage Featuring Resources to Strengthen Tribal Food Sovereignty and Agricultural Governance

 | As tensions rise across the United States, especially in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the number of incidents where Tribal citizens are being detained by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is increasing.

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is deeply troubled by these and other incidents and encourages Tribal citizens to ensure they are familiar with their rights both as citizens of their Tribal Nations and as citizens of the United States.

The Native American Rights Fund (NARF) has compiled 

Resources for Individuals and Nonprofits Approached by ICE

. This document includes information about Tribal citizen rights if approached at home, work, or in public.

NCAI encourages all Tribal citizens to carry at least one form of legal identification (e.g., non-expired Tribal or state ID, passport, or birth certificate). It is particularly important to note that federal law enforcement may not be familiar with Tribal IDs. If an ICE agent does not accept your Tribal ID as identification, NARF recommends that you request to speak to their supervisor. Native Americans who believe their rights have been violated can call NARF at 303-447-8760.

NCAI stands with Tribal Nations and their citizens across the United States impacted by recent ICE actions and enforcement activity. We will remain unified in supporting Tribes with accurate information, rights-based education, and coordinating resources to protect our communities and Native people.

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of Tribal governments and communities, promoting strong Tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

Knowing Your Rights as Citizens of Tribal Nations and the United States

Webinar Series: Understanding the EPA's New Regulatory Revisions to Water Quality Standards

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) celebrates the historic decision to grant clemency to Leonard Peltier, an 80-year-old elder of the Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, federal boarding school survivor, and one of the longest incarcerated Native American political prisoners. In his final moments in office, President Biden commuted Leonard Peltier's two life sentences, allowing him to serve the remainder of his sentence from home. While this decision does not exonerate Leonard Peltier for the crimes of which he was unjustly convicted, nor does it erase the decades of suffering and profound injustice he endured, it offers him the opportunity to return to his ancestral homelands and spend his remaining years with his loved ones – a long-overdue step towards justice that will allow collective healing for Leonard Peltier and the broader community. Upon learning about President Biden’s historic action, NCAI President Mark Macarro stated, “After nearly 50 years of unjust imprisonment, President Biden’s decision to grant Leonard Peltier the opportunity to return home is a powerful act of compassion and an important step toward healing.”

As we celebrate Leonard Peltier’s commutation, it is important to recognize that Leonard Peltier’s case has long symbolized the systemic injustices faced by Indigenous Peoples. This victory belongs to those who have fought for justice, especially those who refused to let the injustice against Leonard Peltier fade from public consciousness. This moment serves as a testament to the power of tireless advocacy, grassroots organizing, and intergenerational collective action by Tribal Nations, human rights organizations, and global allies.

Leonard Peltier is Going Home: A Step Toward Healing and Justice

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) congratulates Secretary Deb Haaland and the Department of the Interior (DOI) for their reaffirmation of the United States’ commitment to advancing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). This continued support is a critical step in fulfilling our nation’s obligations to Indigenous Peoples.

President Obama’s historic endorsement of the UNDRIP in 2010 marked a defining moment in the United States’ relationship with Indigenous Peoples, affirming their inherent rights and sovereignty. This commitment was further solidified in 2014 through 

the UNGA Resolution adopting the Outcome Document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples

Advancing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

,” issued by the DOI on January 14, 2025, further underscores the nation’s dedication to partnering with Indigenous Peoples in realizing the principles enshrined in the UNDRIP.

As Larry Wright, Jr., Executive Director of the National Congress of American Indians, powerfully asserts, “The protections enshrined in the UNDRIP are merely a baseline and should be the floor upon which we build meaningful progress. The United States has an obligation to ensure the realization of these rights and restore the integrity of its relationship with Indigenous Peoples.” Crucial to this effort is the collaboration with Indigenous representatives to develop strategies for the meaningful implementation of the UNDRIP. NCAI resolutions 

 emphasize the need for the United States to honor its 2014 commitments and lead by example—by developing a comprehensive national action plan for implementing the UNDRIP, appointing a Special Envoy for Global Indigenous Affairs, and ensuring the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples at the United Nations through their own representative institutions. These are necessary initial steps in building a foundation upon which true progress can be made in protecting the full spectrum of rights outlined in the UNDRIP.

NCAI remains unwavering in its commitment to the full implementation of the UNDRIP, both within the United States and on the global stage. We look forward to continued collaboration with the Department of the Interior and other federal agencies to ensure the rights of Indigenous Peoples are fully protected through the full and meaningful implementation of the UNDRIP.

NCAI Applauds Secretary Deb Haaland and the Department of the Interior for Reaffirming U.S. Commitment to UNDRIP

Register Now for ECWS 2025

In this episode of The Sentinel, we explore NCAI’s commitment to international advocacy work. NCAI has recognized that its mission of promoting tribal sovereignty must extend beyond the borders of the United States and include the representation, participation and voices of Indigenous Peoples on a global stage.

Join us for a thought-provoking discussion led by Rochelle Morgan-Verdin, NCAI’s Policy Lead for International Issues and citizen of the United Houma Nation, the Co-Chairs of the recently formed NCAI International Committee, and key experts who have advocated for these issues for decades. Our listeners will hear from guests who are all steadfast advocates representing NCAI at international fora, carrying forth the organization’s mission globally.

Advocacy on the International Stage: The NCAI International Committee

Assistant Dean, Community Engagement
Executive Director, Indian Legal Program
Email: 

Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University’s Indian Legal Program (ILP)

National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)

Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty (CTDS)

 announced a new partnership in growing ILP’s long-standing conference — 

. The conference, sponsored by Caliber Financial Services and Pomo Upper Lake Habemateolel, is part of the Rosette, LLP American Indian Economic Development Program and will take place on 

February 20 and 21, 2025, at Wild Horse Pass Hotel and Casino

“Since the American Indian Policy Institute transitioned organizationally into the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law in 2024, we have had the opportunity to collaborate more closely with the Indian Legal Program, which has been very rewarding. After establishing the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty, it made sense to expand our partnership with ILP and become more involved in the success of the Wiring the Rez conference,” 

Wiring the Rez is excited to announce extended partnerships for the 2025 conference. Thanks to these new partners – the NCAI and the 

Self-Governance Communication and Education Tribal Consortium (SGCETC)

 – we are able to expand the topics and extend the conference to a full two-day format. NCAI is a nonprofit organization advocating for a promising future for Indian Country by working to gain consensus on constructive visions. SGCETC is a nonprofit consortium of Tribal Nations dedicated to advancing Tribal sovereignty and enhancing Self-Governance authority for all Tribal Nations through advocacy, education and strategic partnerships.

“The National Congress of American Indians is proud to be a new co-host in the Wiring the Rez conference with the Indian Legal Program and American Indian Policy Institute at the ASU Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. All of the leaders at ASU are deeply valued partners of NCAI, and with them, we are also proud to help lead the Nation’s first and only Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty. This center is dedicated to providing Tribal governments, leadership, and communities with the tools needed for digital sovereignty planning and an invigorated Tribal technological landscape for generations to come. The fact that the entire second day of the Wiring the Rez Conference will be all about Tribal Digital Sovereignty places a vital issue at the forefront of the national conversation. It is a meaningful expansion of the legacy of this important gathering,” 

said Geoffrey Blackwell, NCAI general counsel and chief of staff.

For 10 years, the Wiring the Rez Conference has brought together Tribal Nations and Tribal entrepreneurs to discuss the complex tribal e-commerce environment, protect sovereignty and promote entrepreneurial diversification. “Tribal Governments engaging in business on reservations must consider using e-commerce to diversify and strengthen their economies. Online businesses including lending, product sales, and health care are a huge part of reservation economic growth. All of these require tribes to start thinking about data storage, privacy, and jurisdictional issues,”

 said Professor Robert J. Miller, Director of the Rosette, LLP American Indian Economic Development Program at ASU Law.

This year, Wiring the Rez will include an additional topical focus, expanding the event to two full days. The new topic will focus on Tribal digital sovereignty, where speakers will discuss the resources and support needed to establish a digital sovereignty plan and navigate the complexities of digital sovereignty. The event will also continue to focus on e-commerce, gaming, Tribal lending and self-governance – helping Tribal Nations, Tribal entrepreneurs and business providers gain a deeper understanding of the Tribal e-commerce environment.

“ASU is a leader in innovation and technology, and ASU Law leads the way in smart partnerships for positive impact across Indian Country. When ASU partners with Tribes and National organizations, we work to strengthen Tribal sovereignty by advancing best practices and information sharing. Dr. Traci Morris and the new Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty will be at the center of this movement. The American Indian Policy Institute and NCAI are natural partners for this conference,” 

said Stacy Leeds, Willard H. Pedrick Dean, Regents and Foundation Professor of Law at ASU Law.

Business development in Indian Country has long been a significant challenge. However, recent improvements in broadband coverage, Tribal fintech and legal understandings offer greater opportunities for business development on Tribal land.

Confirmed speakers include keynote speaker Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes; Gila River Indian Community Governor Stephen Roe Lewis; NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr.; Self-Governance Communication & Education Tribal Consortium Executive Director Jay Spaan; Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Director of Self-Governance and Health Policy Melanie Fourkiller; Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Chief Operations Officer Linda Austin; San Diego State University Assistant Professor Brandon Mastromartino; Pechanga General Counsel Steve Bodmer; Greenburg Traurig Attorney Jennifer Weddle; Jenner Block Attorney Charles Galbraith; LCO Financial Services Chief Administrative Officer Trina Starr; Curador Labs President Corey Owens; Executive Director Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative Carly Griffith Hotvedt; Southern California Tribal Chairman’s Association Director of Technology Matthew Rantanen; and NCAI General Counsel and Chief of Staff Geoffrey Blackwell.


Media passes to this event are available.

Established more than 35 years ago, the Indian Legal Program at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University has grown to become one of the most respected Indian law programs in the nation. Home to one of the highest concentrations of Native American students and Indian law students in the nation, ASU Law has an active Native American Law Students Association that hosts events, participates in pro bono activities, and mentors incoming students. Students have an instant network to support them academically, professionally and socially. Working for tribes, in public service, private practice and nonprofit organizations, Indian Legal Program alumni are making a difference in Indian Country. The program's positive reputation is in large part due to the success and support of its graduates. Learn more at 

About the Indian Gaming and Tribal Self-Governance Programs

The Indian Gaming and Tribal Self-Governance Programs were created in service to Indian Country in order to equip professionals with a practical understanding of Federal Indian Law and to support these areas of economic success. Graduates may serve as senior or mid-level executives for tribes or tribal entities, tribal elected officials responsible for overseeing these aspects of their tribal operations, and other professionals with careers such as congressional staff and federal, state and local employees. Learn more at 

About the American Indian Policy Institute

The American Indian Policy Institute is an Indigenous-led and staffed research institute at Arizona State University whose work supports Tribal communities and Indigenous peoples nationwide. We do this by creating academic research focused on key issues in Indian Country, by analyzing and developing policy research and recommendations on those issues, and by building capacity within an ecosystem of lifelong learning. Learn more at 

About the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty

The American Indian Policy Institute (AIPI) and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), based on a long-standing commitment to bridging the digital divide on tribal lands, founded and formed the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University on June 24, 2024. The Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty (CTDS) is the first and only center in the Nation dedicated to assisting Tribal governments, leadership, and communities in understanding the complexities of digital sovereignty, providing access to resources and serving as a clearinghouse for Tribal digital sovereignty. Learn more at 

About the National Congress of American Indians

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the United States. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to government policies. NCAI promotes an understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

Strong Indian Country Partnerships Bring Expanded Offerings for the 2025 Wiring the Rez Conference

While aboard Air Force One, NCAI President Mark Macarro had a powerful conversation with President Biden regarding Leonard Peltier, a Turtle Mountain Ojibwe elder and one of the longest-incarcerated Native American political prisoners. During the flight, President Macarro urged President Biden to grant clemency to Peltier, who has spent nearly 50 years in prison for a crime the U.S. government has acknowledged it could not prove.

In an op-ed by Native News Online recounting this pivotal moment, Macarro shared his direct appeal to President Biden: "Mr. President, we are flying to Phoenix where you will apologize on behalf of the government for its role in Indian boarding schools. You need to know that there is an 80-year-old named Leonard Peltier, one of the oldest surviving Indian boarding school survivors, who is in prison. He attended the Wahpeton Indian School in North Dakota...Peltier has served five decades in federal prison for a crime that the government has admitted it could not prove.”

At 80 years old, Peltier’s health is rapidly deteriorating, and he continues to suffer under harsh conditions that no elder should endure. His case is a painful symbol of the systemic injustice faced by Indigenous Peoples, not just in the U.S., but around the world. With only 41 days left in the current administration, we encourage you to read the full op-ed and join us in calling for Leonard Peltier’s release as a necessary step toward healing for Indigenous communities everywhere.

President Macarro Asks President Biden to Free Leonard Peltier

In this episode of The Sentinel, we focus on the next generation of Native leaders. We are joined by three newly elected officers of the NCAI Youth Commission. The Commission was established in 1997 to provide a space for young tribal leaders to pinpoint issues of importance and strategize paths of action, then advocate for those issues on behalf of Native youth.

In this lively discussion facilitated by Alison Black, NCAI’s Youth Leadership and Training Coordinator, we hear firsthand from the officers about their respective backgrounds, what being on the Commission means to them, and what they hope to achieve during their terms of office. Our listeners will be inspired by their passion, their knowledge, their hope for the future, and their commitment to advancing the principles of tribal sovereignty both within NCAI and within their own communities.

The Emerging Leadership of Indian Country: The NCAI Youth Commission

Data from Native American Rights Fund (NARF) highlights the limitations of exit polls by Edison Research and the misrepresentation of Native communities

 (NOA), and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)

 addressed the misleading and incomplete data surrounding Native voter turnout and support as depicted in the 

 conducted by the National Election Pool (NEP) and Edison Research.

Recent exit polls by National Election Pool (NEP) and Edison Research, have sparked concern due to significant limitations in methodology and scope, misrepresenting the number of Native peoples who voted for the Republican presidential candidate. Preliminary data shared by NARF shows otherwise – state-specific outcomes indicate that often as the state based population of Native Americans increases so does the support for Democratic candidates. For example, in counties with majority Native populations, support for the Democratic candidate was larger than support for the Republican candidate in states such as Montana (67% to 28%), North Dakota (72% to 27%), South Dakota (63% to 33%), and Wisconsin (87% to 12%). Native voters are not a monolith, however, and in counties with majority Native populations in states like Oklahoma, there was a preference for the Republican candidate (63% to 37%). These preliminary results will continue to shift as data continues to be collected and votes continue to be counted in many Western states with high Native American populations.

Edison Research and NEP’s exit poll data of 229 Native peoples is not reflective of the diversity of Indian Country due to its limited scope. This year, the NEP/Edison Research exit polls were conducted at only 279 election-day polling places and 27 early in-person voting locations. This exclusion of a substantial portion of early and absentee voters often results in an incomplete and skewed portrayal of the electorate. The methodology selects specific polling sites to represent the broader population, and this approach misses critical components specific to capturing Native American voter preferences. It remains unclear if Native voters from rural areas were accurately included to the degree of their urban and suburban counterparts, and notably, zero of the 306 polling places surveyed were on Tribal lands. In addition, respondents from the South were overly represented in the NEP/Edison polling (35%), compared to the respondents in the West (23%), Midwest (22%), and the East (21%). According to Dr. Stephanie Fryberg, Founding Director of the Research for Indigenous Social Action & Equity Center (RISE) at Northwestern University, the 

was insufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the nationwide voting trends within Native. In fact, the rush to report out on one exit poll of 229 Native people resulted in more questions than answers.

According to NARF, preliminary voter turnout in the majority-Native counties suggests a drop from 53.3% in 2020 to 48.8% in 2024, displaying a decline of nearly 10,000 votes that is reflective of the low voter turnout seen nationwide. This decline underscores the significant barriers that Native voters face in casting their ballots, as highlighted by the 

, which points to challenges such as absentee ballots not arriving on time, polling places being too far away, and a lack of transportation. The comprehensive survey conducted by IllumiNative and the Native Organizers Alliance—the largest Native-led, nationally representative survey in the U.S.—further emphasizes these obstacles by capturing the voices and perspectives of Native communities across the country.

Indeed, structural barriers throughout Indian Country continue to stifle Native American participation in federal and state elections. On Election Day, the Native American Rights Fund sent 170 poll watchers throughout Indian Country who reported ongoing challenges faced by Native Americans including mismarked and distant polling sites, rejection of qualifying tribal ID, problems arising from the lack of residential addresses, hours long wait times, and lack of quality internet impacting voter services available to Native voters. Incidences of voter intimidation and escalated police presence were also reported. These observations only add to the voluminous record that voting across Indian Country remains unreasonably burdensome, as documented through the Native American Rights Fund’s 

extensive research and recorded voter experiences

“It is important to gather and share accurate data about Native voter preferences, but it is equally important that we acknowledge the systemic obstacles that are keeping Native voices from being heard at all. At the Native American Rights Fund, we continue to document and battle the lack of equal opportunities to register and vote in Native communities: long distances to polling locations, inadequate housing, and no home mail delivery are still preventing Native communities from equitable voting opportunities,” 

said Jacqueline De León (Isleta Pueblo) of the Native American Rights Fund.

 “How many voters were disenfranchised this election season? How many votes were left on the table? So, yes, let's make sure that we report out accurate numbers on the influence and power of Native voters, but let’s also make sure that we continue to work toward free and fair elections that allow Native voters to have a voice.”“While national data points to turnout challenges and a lack of turnout in general, it’s essential to recognize the generational efforts within Indian Country that have empowered and engaged our communities in American Democracy,”

 said Michael Johnson (Three Affiliated Tribes of North Dakota), President of IllumiNative. 

“Our Natives Vote campaign was part of a larger community movement that has mobilized Native people and communities nationwide. Our Nations, communities and allies remain resilient and determined, and we will continue to strive for equitable representation in all facets of American life.”

“Accurate representation is vital to our democracy. The National Congress of American Indians calls for an equitable and comprehensive approach to exit polling that truly reflects Native voices across Indian Country,” 

said Mark Macarro (Pechanga Band of Indians), President of National Congress of American Indians.

 “Our communities, especially in rural and tribal areas, demand to be reported on with diligence and accuracy. Native voter influence must not be distorted and diminished. NCAI stands committed to ensuring that all Native votes contribute fully to the national discourse and to the advocacy of Tribal sovereignty.”

The 2024 election was a pivotal moment that highlighted both progress and challenges. The 

, led by IllumiNative and NOA, bolstered turnout by reaching Native voters nationwide through on the ground and online efforts including community organizing training, digital organizing, phone banking, and local grantee investment.

“We partnered with Tribes and Native community groups in 12 states and worked with more than 160 Native community organizers on the ground,” 

said Judith LeBlanc (Caddo), Executive Director of Native Organizers Alliance.

 “Despite facing challenges such as limited polling locations, language, distances, and restrictive voter ID laws, Native communities were mobilized to exercise their constitutional right to vote. And now, we’re in a better position to activate our ground game to protect our sovereignty and sacred places and drive turnout in the next election”

Record-setting turnout in 2020 demonstrated the power of the Native vote and major policy shifts were enacted after the 2020 elections. Tribes and Native organizers are determined to organize for action on climate, economic security and sovereignty, because voting is only one part of democracy, power building is the heart of shifting to community-based policies. In order to foster long-term participation and amplify Native voices beyond major election cycles, it is essential to provide comprehensive data that accurately represents the wide-ranging beliefs and impact of Native voters.

is a Native woman-led racial and social justice organization dedicated to increasing the visibility of—and challenging the narrative about—Native peoples. Our mission is to build power for Native peoples by amplifying contemporary Native voices, stories, and issues to advance justice, equity, and self-determination. We envision a future where the self-determination and sovereignty of Native peoples is respected and supported; where our children see themselves reflected in the world around them; and where Native peoples author and drive our own narrative.

 is a national Native network dedicated to power building and organizing capacity of tribes, and community groups for transformational policy change. It also provides a forum for tribal leaders, grassroots Native organizers and organizations to work in collaboration with each other and promote their work with non-Native national allies.

NARF is the Nation’s premiere nonprofit 501c(3) organization focused on applying existing laws and treaties to guarantee that federal and state governments live up to their legal obligations to Native Americans. Since 1970, 

 has provided specialized legal assistance to Native American Tribal Nations, organizations, and individuals nationwide to assert and defend the most important Native rights. In hundreds of major cases. NARF has achieved significant results in critical areas such as tribal sovereignty, treaty rights, natural resource protection, voting rights, and Indian education. 

 articulates the barriers faced by Native voters, advocates for equitable voting laws, and uses the courts to defend the fundamental right to vote. Like us 

 to learn about the latest fights to promote justice and protect Native American rights.

About National Congress of American Indians

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the United States. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to-government policies. NCAI promotes an understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

Native Organizations Address 2024 Presidential Election Exit Polls

View adopted resolutions from the 2024 Annual Convention. 

2024 Annual Adopted Resolutions 

Tribal sovereignty will endure. This National Native Heritage Month, as the United States navigates a pivotal transition, the National Congress of American Indians stands resolute in defending tribal sovereignty, honoring our treaty and trust obligations, and safeguarding the well-being of Native communities. Together with federal and state partners, we are determined to protect the hard-won advances of Indian Country through times of uncertainty and change.

Our mission carries forward the legacy of those who have fought tirelessly for our rights as the original peoples of this land—land protected, cherished, and sustained by our ancestors–and where our descendants will continue to thrive. We deeply value the support of our members, allies, and partners who recognize the importance of recent strides in Native representation, advocacy, and resilience. Now is the time to come together to hold firm our communities’ victories and plan for a future where they may continue to flourish.

NCAI Reaffirms Its Commitment to Defending Tribal Sovereignty and Honoring Treaty and Trust Commitments

During the 2024 NCAI Mid-Year Convention, the National Indian Child Welfare Association (NICWA) Board of Directors submitted Resolution 

. This 25-year plan, launched by the Protect ICWA Campaign, identifies priorities for protecting the 

 and strengthening the capacity of tribal child welfare programs.

Today marks the rollout of ICWA 2050, honoring the 46th anniversary of the enactment of ICWA, which went into effect on November 8, 1978.

"ICWA 2050 not only fortifies protections for Native children today but also builds a path for generations to come, ensuring that our children remain grounded in their cultures and communities," said National Congress of American Indians Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. in NICWA's most recent press release. "This forward-looking strategy reflects the strength of tribal sovereignty and collaboration across Indian Country, empowering Tribal Nations to lead in defining the future of child welfare for Native families. The National Congress of American Indians and its members are proud to support and join this vision, rooted in the resilience and self-determination of our communities."

For additional updates, follow along on Instagram at 

NICWA Announces the Rollout of ICWA 2050

Nevada Tribal Nations and Indigenous Organizations Partner Statewide to Get Out the Native Vote and Watch the 2024 Elections Results

The Walker River Paiute Tribe, Nevada nonprofit IndigenousAF, national nonprofit the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), and local Indigenous grassroots organizers from Nevada are partnering to bring Native voters a watch party experience in anticipation of the Election Day 2024 results. This watch party is one of many activities Nevada Native American voter advocates have hosted throughout 2024 to encourage and inform American Indian and Alaska Native people as they Get Out the Native Vote. After nearly a decade of grassroots organizing to increase Native voter access and Native voter services, Nevada is now a key battleground state and the Native American vote can be the determining factor of important elections on the state and national levels.

Andrea Martinez, Chair of Walker River Paiute Tribe, underscored the importance of gathering around important political moments like this and stated, "We are proud to host the 2024 election watch party on our Tribal homelands, as voting rights have always been a vital issue for the Walker River Paiute Tribe. This event is not just a celebration of democracy; it is a testament to our commitment to raising awareness and advocating for our community's right to vote. We believe that by empowering our people to become more active participants in the electoral process, we can ensure that our voices are heard and our needs are addressed in these crucial elections. Together, we can make a difference and strengthen our future."

When asked what’s at stake in this election for Native American people, IndigenousAF President Michael Collins is reminded of the nonprofit’s mission and what kind of national leadership it will take to strengthen Indigenous cultures, knowledge, and identity through the arts and education. “I view this as one of the most consequential elections of my lifetime. As imperfect as the American political system has been, I have seen incremental improvements in human rights, and a willingness for our society to improve our behavior towards the rest of the world. The choices we make now can either move us backward as a nation or evolve as a people for a better Earth. I pray we choose to evolve."

NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. stated that, "One hundred years after the passage of the Snyder Act granted Native Americans citizenship and, by extension, the right to vote, the Native vote remains a vital expression of our sovereignty and voice. This year, as Native voters head to the polls in key battleground states like Nevada, where NCAI has just completed its 81st Annual Convention & Marketplace, our communities are not only voting on critical issues but also affirming our place in the democratic process. Every vote from Indian Country amplifies the message that tribal sovereignty matters, that our issues must be heard, and that Native voices can and will shape the future of this nation. We must come together to ensure a sovereignty ticket, an outcome where the officials we elect understand their duty to safeguard the United States's trust and treaty obligations. We honor our ancestors and protect our future, reinforcing that Native votes are a powerful force in American democracy."

The November 5, 2024 Native-led watch parties will consist of online and in-person opportunities for Native American voters across the state to participate, celebrate, and be in community with one another. The watch parties will occur at locations in Northern and Southern Nevada and attendees can watch election results in real time. This opportunity allows the Nevada Indigenous communities to share dialogue around issues that inspired them to get to the polls.

For more information on the power of the Native vote and Native voter initiatives, please visit 

Celebrating the First Year of the NCAI Foundation: Lessons in Partnership, Sovereignty, and Impact

By Greg Masten, Yurok, President of the NCAI Foundation

For the past 81 years, the National Congress of American Indians has been at the forefront of many issues that have impacted and shaped what we know as Tribal Nations today. The NCAI legacy was birthed out of necessity—to protect and advocate for our Tribes and Native Peoples. Our leaders of the past carried a sacred trust; they didn’t always want to be Tribal leaders, but in the face of injustice, they stood and fought, not for themselves, but for their families and their people. They hoped for a better future for their children, grandchildren, and future generations—and that hope fueled them to take action.

In continuation of NCAI’s mission, it is that same sacred trust that birthed the NCAI Foundation. We launched the NCAI Foundation on National Philanthropy Day. The Foundation was launched to meet the growing and urgent needs of Tribal Nations and to support Native Peoples in a way and at a scale that had not been done before. There are many complex issues impacting our Native communities. To solve them, we need true partnerships and impact investments requiring deeper strategies that center collaboration and integrate policy, programs, and services at local, regional, and national levels.

It has been clear for some time that philanthropy needs to prioritize and invest more in Native American communities and Tribes. I believe there are many in the philanthropy sector that want to do good, but we need to do the good work, in a good way—based on understanding, with mutual respect and trust, and with an unwavering commitment.

This first year has been a time of laying foundations—literally and figuratively. The pandemic showed the world what we have always known: Tribal Nations are resilient, innovative, and deeply capable of managing their own affairs. Often, we’ve been under-resourced, and in spite of this, we’ve done so much good with so little. But what if we were properly resourced? During the pandemic, and for the first time, philanthropy responded with unrestricted funding, trusting Tribes to define and solve their own challenges. The NCAI Foundation emerged in this context, serving as a critical partner in amplifying these efforts, bridging gaps, and scaling solutions that honor Tribal sovereignty and Native knowledge.

The NCAI Foundation is more than a funding entity; it is the connection point for true collaboration. We have built on NCAI’s long history as a trusted partner with Tribes and continue the legacy of NCAI by working with our national sister organizations, inter-tribal organizations, and Native serving organizations. In the past, NCAI forged the way as a national re-granter, managing federal pass-through funds for decades to ensure they reach Tribal Nations directly. But today, we go further. The Foundation’s unique relationship with Tribes positions us as the conduit to scale investments across multiple areas, from environmental sustainability and digital sovereignty to economic development, education, public health, and other community impacts.

Our Equity and Sovereignty Framework anchors everything we do. Sovereignty is not just a guiding principle; it is the cornerstone of self-determination that leads to effective solutions. Through this lens, we reduce bureaucracy and honor the expertise of Tribal Nations, allowing them to apply resources in ways that work best for their communities. This first year has underscored the power of this approach—investments aligned with sovereignty have real and lasting impact.

While our work in this first year has laid strong foundations, there are still challenges ahead. Invisibility and underinvestment require ongoing efforts to build awareness, shift narratives, shift power dynamics, and expand opportunities. The NCAI Foundation has taken important steps by gathering data, amplifying Tribal voices, and addressing funding gaps that persist across Indian Country. We have shown that we are an effective convener and conduit for these investments as a trusted partner in ensuring they reach where they are most needed.

Looking ahead, the NCAI Foundation’s mission remains clear: to create an ecosystem for collaboration where policy, programs, and services align to support the distinct needs of NCAI, Tribal Nations and Native communities. This work is about more than addressing immediate challenges—it is about building the infrastructure and relationships that will sustain Tribal Nations and Native communities for generations to come.

We are only at the beginning of this journey, but already the lessons are clear. Tribal Nations and Native serving organizations are a good investment. Trust the decision making of their leadership. Invest in the work. Commit to long-term, unrestricted support. These principles have guided our first year and will continue to shape our path moving forward.

I am often asked, “What do you hope for the NCAI Foundation?” My hope is the same, for healthy, thriving Native American communities and Tribes—and that hope would inspire action where every foundation and corporate giving organization would acknowledge the first people of this nation by prioritizing their giving to include Native Peoples with a minimum of 3% of their annual giving. Some foundations have already taken this step, some as high as 50% of their portfolios now supporting Native American communities. Native American people have sacrificed so much for this nation. It is time to give back.

We invite you to join us as we continue this work. In uncertain times, we need to find our center and the world needs Native knowledge now, more than ever. We still carry that sacred trust, and we offer to share that same hope with you. Together, we can honor the old ways of collaboration and responsibility while building a future where Tribal Nations lead, thrive, and inspire a more just and sustainable world.



In this episode of the Sentinel, we mark the one-year anniversary of the NCAI Foundation, established in November 2023. The Foundation was created to unlock philanthropic dollars and build sustaining relationships supporting tribal sovereignty and Native self-determination. The NCAI Foundation is the only one of its kind that upholds these core principles while holding itself directly accountable to Tribal Nations. Funds raised go to support Native-led programs addressing challenges in a wide variety of issues such as food security, health, and education.

Greg Masten, President of the NCAI Foundation, and Dawn Knickerbocker, Vice President of Philanthropic Strategies, join us to report on the success of their efforts and the growth of the Foundation’s reach during their inaugural year. We also learn about the current landscape of Native philanthropy and the specific challenges that tribal communities and Native organizations face when accessing philanthropic dollars. Read the blog post below:

The National Congress of American Indians is currently convened in Las Vegas, Nevada, for the 81st Annual Convention and Marketplace. Earlier this year, the NCAI Executive Committee established a task force of elected leaders from Tribal Nations throughout the United States in order to address membership integrity, education, and healing.

On Sunday, October 27, the task force referred to the Executive Committee an initial finding of fourteen tribes that do not meet all of the criteria for NCAI membership. The Executive Committee adopted the task force’s findings, and the annual renewals of the membership of those tribes are pending the receipt of their additional information.

NCAI President Mark Macarro stated, “It is the responsibility of the leadership of NCAI to execute its fiduciary duties as mandated by its constitution and bylaws – which includes a faithful application of our membership criteria.” He added, “We look forward to the task force’s continued work and our further shared goals of education and healing.”

NCAI Faithfully Applies Its Membership Criteria

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) commends President Biden for his historic apology for the United States’s Federal Indian Boarding School policies. This unprecedented acknowledgment of this dark chapter of our history represents a significant step in recognizing the trauma, pain, and perseverance of our grandparents who suffered these policies which aimed to erase our cultures and identities.

This apology is part of a shared journey toward healing and solidarity. President Biden, as noted in his statement, has executed policies that have strengthened tribal sovereignty and the government-to-government relationship. This includes the appointment of Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland, the first Native American to serve as a member of a Presidential Cabinet. Secretary Haaland’s presence, voice, and tenacity to bring the Federal Indian Boarding School chapter to light contributes to this important apology and its timing. Her presence in the Cabinet and her unwavering dedication to Indian Country have helped make this moment possible.

Still, true healing and justice demand further action. We urge Congress to pass legislation that would further illuminate this history and support the ongoing journey toward healing. We ask the administration to expedite the return of our relatives buried on these former school grounds to their rightful resting places.

As proud citizens of our Tribal Nations and of the United States, we hold hope that this historic moment will be a catalyst for lasting, reparative measures. We remain vigilant and committed to seeing this promise honored, trusting that this apology will open the door to deeper understanding, justice, and healing for Indian Country.

NCAI Statement on President Biden's Apology for Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative

Register Now for the NCAI Annual Golf Tournament Fundraiser!

The U.S. Department of the Treasury has issued a proposed rule for the federal tax status of tribally chartered entities, clarifying that wholly-owned tribal entities are not subject to federal income tax. This rule would also affect eligibility for certain clean energy tax credits through the Inflation Reduction Act reserved for entities without federal tax liability. This is the second set of proposed rules coming from the Treasury over the past few weeks regarding the sovereignty and self-determination of Tribal Nations and their economies.

"Sovereigns do not tax other sovereigns; governments do not tax other governments. This second tranche of new draft regulations respects tribal sovereignty as a foundation and puts a premium on tribal self-determination. The federal government understands that tribal revenue generation should not be taxed," said NCAI President Mark Macarro. "These draft rules make clear that the U.S. Treasury Department and the IRS value the input of Tribal Nations and tribal leadership it has received through the years. This tilt toward embracing tribal sovereignty in federal rulemaking should not be anomalous. With the leadership Treasury has shown, now other agencies' leadership will see that the primacy of tribal government decision-making is valued."

This proposed rule comes after 30 years of Tribal Nations requesting clarification and consultations with Tribal Nations and the Treasury Tribal Advisory Committee. 

The U.S. Department of the Treasury will hold virtual tribal consultations on 

, and we urge Tribal Nations to participate in these historic conversations. 

The Treasury is accepting public comments in writing or electronically until 

Treasury Proposes Rule Regarding Federal Tax Status of Tribally Chartered Entities

In this episode of The Sentinel, we examine the ongoing barriers and obstacles that Native voters face when accessing the polls. As we approach the 2024 elections, we examine NCAI’s legacy of advocacy on this subject. We also take a look at current advocacy and initiatives that will increase Native civic participation in the political process. We are joined by Dr. Aaron Payment (Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians), the campaign manager for NCAI’s nonpartisan, national 

 campaign. Dr. Payment examines the barriers that Native voters continue to face to this day, one hundred years after The Snyder Act granted their long overdue right to citizenship. Join us to learn why this is an issue of critical importance not only today but also in the future.

Native Vote: Supporting a Sovereignty Ticket in 2024 and Beyond

The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) commends the U.S. Department of the Treasury (Treasury) for releasing new proposed rules under the Tribal General Welfare Exclusion Act of 2014. These proposed regulations mark a critical step forward in recognizing and reinforcing Tribal Nations' sovereignty, allowing us to best meet the needs of our communities. For decades, NCAI has advocated for policies that honor this unique government-to-government relationship between Tribal Nations and the United States.

The proposed regulations, developed through extensive consultation with Tribal leaders, assert the primacy of Tribal prerogative. They uphold the principles of self-determination by recognizing that Tribal Nations are best equipped to meet their citizens' needs. By ensuring that vital funding for housing, education, and cultural preservation remains exempt from federal taxation, the rules enhance tribal governments' ability to serve their communities effectively and without unnecessary federal oversight, strengthening their capacity to fulfill their responsibilities.

Moreover, these proposed regulations demonstrate a profound respect for cultural diversity and preservation by empowering Native communities to define our cultural and ceremonial activities– a long-standing priority for NCAI. By acknowledging Tribal Nations’ authority to shape the scope and structure of our welfare programs, the Treasury affirms the importance of upholding tribal sovereignty.


NCAI urges leaders to actively participate in the ongoing consultation process to ensure the rules fully reflect the needs of Indian Country. Moving forward, NCAI remains committed to advocating for regulations that protect the intrinsic rights, economic opportunities, and cultural values of our Native communities.

Read the Treasury and IRS's press statement 

NCAI Statement on the U.S. Treasury's Proposed Tribal General Welfare Exclusion Rules


The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) strongly condemns the remarks made by Montana GOP Senate candidate Tim Sheehy, in which he used offensive language to stereotype Native people. Such harmful rhetoric has no place in public discourse, especially from those seeking elected office. These derogatory comments are a stark reminder of the persistent racism that Native communities continue to face.

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