 — The Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative (IFAI) and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) today announced the launch of a new collaborative digital resource hub designed to empower Tribal Nations in exercising their sovereignty through agricultural development and food system regulation.

This partnership brings together IFAI's legal and policy expertise with NCAI's national advocacy and representative strength. The newly unveiled webpage serves as a "one-stop shop" for Tribal leaders, producers, and policymakers, offering comprehensive tools, including model Tribal food and agriculture codes, templates for establishing Tribal Departments of Agriculture (TDOA), and guidance on navigating federal funding and programs.

“Food sovereignty is a critical component of Tribal sovereignty. The ability to feed our own people supports Tribal self-governance, continuity of cultural foodways, economic stability, and community resilience,” said IFAI Executive Director Carly Griffith Hotvedt (Cherokee Nation).. “This collection of resources is a hub for any Tribe interested in securing food sovereignty, from those just getting started to those exploring opportunities for further development. Informational guides, case studies, funding opportunities, and events specific to Tribal food sovereignty are available in a centralized format. The Tribal Food Sovereignty Innovation Lab is a valuable tool to advance Tribal priorities in food and agriculture systems work. Osda!”

The release of the Tribal Food Sovereignty Innovation Lab comes at a critical time as more Tribal Nations seek to build their own regulatory capacity, move toward food independence, and protect their lands from external regulatory encroachment. The resources highlight successful case studies of Tribes currently operating their own agricultural departments and provide a roadmap for others to follow.

“Our collaboration with IFAI marks a significant milestone in our mission to put ‘Tribal sovereignty into food sovereignty,’” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “This new webpage and accompanying resources are designed to be a living library for Indian Country, providing Tribal Nations the practical tools needed to govern their own food systems, invest in their producers, and ensure a healthy, self-determined future for the next seven generations.”

For more information and to access the resources, 

About the Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative

IFAI focuses on enhancing health and wellness in Tribal communities by advancing healthy food systems, diversified economic development, and cultural food traditions. Based at the University of Arkansas, IFAI provides Tribal governments, producers, and food businesses with strategic legal analysis, policy research, and educational resources.

About the National Congress of American Indians: 

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of Tribal governments and communities, promoting strong Tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

IFAI and NCAI Launch New Webpage Featuring Resources to Strengthen Tribal Food Sovereignty and Agricultural Governance

 – The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) will host its 2026 Executive Council Winter Session (ECWS) on February 9–12 at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C.

The week begins with the State of Indian Nations (SOIN) address on Monday, February 9, delivered by NCAI President Mark Macarro. The SOIN address presents Indian Country’s unified, formal voice to Congress, the Administration, and the nation, outlining crucial priorities and recommendations for federal action. Streaming details will be announced. 

ECWS convenes the NCAI Executive Council, including its Executive Committee and Tribal delegates, for plenary programming, policy discussions, consultations, and Task Force meetings that advance Tribal priorities through government-to-government engagement.

Held in conjunction with ECWS, the Native Youth Leadership Summit (NYLS) is open to Native youth ages 14–24, providing a unique opportunity for Indian Country’s future leaders to strengthen their voice and advocacy skills at the national level.

State of Indian Nations Address — Feb. 9, 2026 | 10:00 a.m. ET
ECWS — Feb. 9–12, 2026 | Begins at 1:00 p.m. ET on Feb. 9
Location: Walter E. Washington Convention Center, West Salon G/H/I, Washington, D.C.

About the National Congress of American Indians:


Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of Tribal governments and communities, promoting strong Tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

NCAI to Host 2026 Executive Council Winter Session and State of Indian Nations Address in Washington, D.C.

Officers elected to serve on the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) Executive Committee for the 2025–2027 term were sworn in Friday during the final general assembly of NCAI's 82nd Annual Convention & Marketplace in Seattle, Washington. The Convention brought together Tribal leaders, delegates, and citizens from across Indian Country to conduct the vital business of the organization and elect its leadership.

Following nominations and candidate speeches earlier in the week, NCAI delegates and individual members voted Thursday to elect the following leaders who will guide the organization’s work for a two-year term:

Mark Macarro, Chairman, Pechanga Band of Indians

Brian Weeden, Chairman, Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe

Christie Modlin, Secretary, Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma

Ashley Cornforth, Secretary/Treasurer, Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community

A full list of NCAI’s Executive Committee, including Regional Vice Presidents and Alternate Vice Presidents, is available on NCAI’s website at 

“These elections are more than a procedural step — they are a statement of who we are as Tribal Nations,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “At a time when a federal government shutdown, funding uncertainty, and travel disruptions could have kept people home, Indian Country chose to show up. Our delegates and members traveled long distances, navigated changing flight schedules and worked through real hardships because they understand the power of coming together. That commitment is what strengthens Tribal sovereignty and ensures our voices are heard at every level of government.”

The record turnout and successful elections demonstrate the resilience of Tribal leaders and communities. “Even when the federal government is gridlocked, Indian Country is not,” Wright continued. “We come together to debate, even disagree at times, but ultimately unite around a shared agenda for our people. The leaders elected this week carry the trust of their Tribal Nation and Indian Country as a collective. Together, we will press for stable funding, respect for Tribal sovereignty and solutions that reflect our Nations’ priorities.”

The newly elected Executive Committee will work alongside NCAI’s team, members, partners, and allies to advance policy priorities — including those reflected in the nearly 100 resolutions passed via consensus by NCAI membership this week — that uphold Tribal sovereignty, protect treaty and trust obligations, and improve the lives of Native people across the United States.


About the National Congress of American Indians:

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of Tribal governments and communities, promoting strong Tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights.

National Congress of American Indians Announces 2025 Election Results at 82nd Annual Convention & Marketplace

 – The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) today released the Tribal Workforce Development Toolkit 2.0 at its Annual Convention in Seattle, Washington. This updated, comprehensive resource is designed to help Tribal Nations, Native organizations, and Tribal colleges and universities (TCUs) make informed, strategic decisions that strengthen local workforces and economies. Building on the original 2018 edition used by Tribal governments and partners across Indian Country, the new toolkit distills effective practices and lessons learned from the field, adding practical tools that leaders can apply immediately. Toolkit 2.0 includes:

15 strategic considerations for workforce development;

30 “Indian Country Snapshot” summaries of leading workforce development approaches;

a new “Visualizing Workforce Development” infographic section;

100+ governance self-assessment questions; and

80+ policy tips based on lessons learned and proven strategies from the field.

“Toolkit 2.0 reflects the wisdom and practicality of Tribal self-determination, and the innovation that follows when that self-determination is fully and freely expressed,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “We are grateful to the Northwest Area Foundation for its continued partnership in making accessible governance resources available to Tribal leaders and practitioners.”

“As someone who led an intertribal workforce development non-profit organization in my home state of Louisiana for more than two decades, I can say firsthand that this extraordinary resource should be 

 go-to desk reference for Tribal leaders, workforce development practitioners, and others who do the hard work of developing the workforce skills of Native people each and every day,” said Lora Ann Chaisson, Principal Chief of the United Houma Nation and NCAI Alternate Vice-President for the Southeast Region. “It translates proven Indian Country strategies and effective approaches into practical steps we can replicate to build our Nations for the next seven generations.”

“This toolkit is an amazing blueprint and roadmap to build our capacity for sustaining self-determination and self-governance for the next 50 years,” added Regis Pecos, Former Governor of Pueblo de Cochiti. “Thank you, NCAI, for your vision and highlighting the many extraordinary ways people across Indian Country are responding to their respective challenges in incredibly resilient ways.”

To access the digital version of the new toolkit and its online resource center, please visit: 

. Limited printed copies upon request on a first-come, first-served basis.

NCAI Launches Version 2.0 of “Tribal Workforce Development” Toolkit to Drive Strategic Decision Making and Action Across Indian Country

Today, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) opened its 82nd Annual Convention & Marketplace in Seattle, Washington. The Convention will run through Friday, November 21. As the nation’s largest and longest-running convening dedicated to Tribal sovereignty and self-determination, the NCAI Annual Convention brings together Tribal leaders, youth, elders, advocates, and partners from across Indian Country to set a unified policy agenda, conduct organizational business, and celebrate Native innovation and culture.

“Each year, NCAI’s Annual Convention serves as Indian Country’s compass – we deliberate, decide, and deliver on priorities that strengthen Tribal Nations,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “Seattle’s deep ties to Native peoples and its role as a national hub for innovation make it an ideal host city for our 82nd convention.”

“From plenary sessions and federal briefings and consultation to committee work and the resolutions process, this gathering is where collaboration becomes action,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “This week, we’ll navigate hard, honest conversations about the current climate of our Tribal Nations and amplify the important work to protect our most vulnerable and our sovereignty. Our charge is clear: turn dialogue into action that safeguards children, honors elders, and strengthens every Tribal Nation.”

Throughout the week, attendees will participate in General Assembly sessions featuring national addresses from Tribal leadership and federal partners, engage in policy meetings that inform NCAI’s advocacy, and consider and vote on resolutions that guide the organization’s positions on issues impacting Tribal Nations. The Marketplace will showcase Native businesses, artists, nonprofits, and government and corporate partners. Programming will uplift intergenerational leadership through youth and elder engagement and offer opportunities to celebrate the cultures and traditions of Tribal Nations.

NCAI Opens 82nd Annual Convention & Marketplace in Seattle, Washington

 – The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mourns the passing of Eugenia “Gena” Tyner-Dawson, a longtime federal and Tribal policy leader working to make Tribal communities safer and eliminate the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Peoples crisis.

Gena, a native of Wichita, Kansas, was a member of the Sac and Fox Nation and descendant of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma. Her career began in law enforcement and direct Tribal service as a Certified Peace Officer in Oklahoma. She spent 11 years serving her own Tribal Nation – directing core community programs and serving in multiple governance roles including volunteering as a deputy court clerk and reserve police officer.

From there, she became a lobbyist for Tribal governments and national Tribal organizations in Washington, D.C. She entered federal service in 1998 with the Indian Health Service (IHS), Office of Tribal Self-Governance. She spent nearly 30-years working throughout the federal government, most recently serving for 7 years in the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) as Senior Policy Advisor for the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs, Justice Policy Coordinator, and as the Not Invisible Act Coordinator the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Justice Services. Gena retired from federal service in February 2025. Even in retirement she was a fierce advocate for her community, recently running for and being elected Treasurer for Sac and Fox Nation.

Before joining the DOI, she spent over two decades working in federal leadership across the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and IHS impacting Tribal policy at national scale, including her time as Senior Advisor to the Assistant Attorney General for Tribal Affairs & Executive Director of the DOJ Justice Programs Council on Native American Affairs. She also served as Acting Executive Director of the HHS Intradepartmental Council on Native American Affairs and Acting Deputy Director of the Indian Health Service.

A trusted advisor to Cabinet-level leadership across multiple federal departments, Gena directed major Tribal government programs in housing, social services, education, public safety, health, and governance. In recognition for her exceptional leadership in advancing Tribal sovereignty and intergovernmental coordination, she was awarded the 2019 NCAI Governmental Leadership Award and honored by the Sac and Fox Nation at the 2019 Executive Council Winter Session.

“Gena believed that if we worked together we could create a better future for our children, families and communities,” said Meghan Bishop, Director of Policy who worked closely with Gena at DOI. “Gena was tough, fierce, and held everyone to account - she believed firmly in a future that was free of violence and full of hope.”

“For decades, Eugenia advanced Tribal public safety and justice – linking federal policy to on-the-ground solutions for MMIP, survivor support, and law enforcement capacity,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “Because of her leadership, more Tribal Nations have the tools to protect our people and pursue justice. We honor her by continuing this work with urgency and purpose.”

NCAI extends our deepest condolences to the Tyner-Dawson family, Sac and Fox Nation, and to all who are grieving the loss of such a hero. We honor her dedication and integrity through our work as we carry on the legacy of her achievements.

NCAI Mourns the Passing of Eugenia Tyner-Dawson

 | The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mobilized Tribal leaders and organizations from across Indian Country this week for the 2025 Tribal Unity Impact Days, held September 16–18 in Washington, D.C. Over the three-day event, Tribal leaders met directly with members of U.S. Congress, Congressional staff, and federal agencies to advocate for the priorities of Tribal Nations and reaffirm the inherent sovereignty of Native Peoples.

Throughout the week, leaders highlighted critical policy issues, including, but not limited to: Fiscal Year 2026 appropriations, public safety, housing, Tribal taxation and economic development, self-determination, Tribal sovereignty and self-governance, agency hiring freezes, and holistic approaches to supporting the well-being of American Indian and Alaska Native families.

“This gathering demonstrates the strength and unity of Tribal Nations when we speak with one voice,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “Tribal Unity Impact Days is a reminder to Congress and federal partners that sovereignty is not negotiable; It is the foundation of our government-to-government relationship. Together, we are advancing solutions for the future of Indian Country.”

On Capitol Hill, Tribal leaders met with members of Congress, ensuring that Native voices remain central to the federal decision-making process. The event concluded with a press session at NCAI’s Embassy of Tribal Nations, where leaders emphasized that sustained, long-term investments in Tribal communities are necessary for self-determination and success.

“Indian Country has always persevered in the face of challenges,” added NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “By standing together, we honor the strength of our ancestors and continue the work of building a stronger future for Tribal Nations. We thank the members of Congress and the administration who stand with us... Thank you for listening and committing to a stronger Nation-to-Nation relationship.”

Strengthening Tribal Voices — NCAI Hosts 2025 Tribal Unity Impact Days in Washington, D.C.

National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) welcomes the 

Fiscal Year (FY) 2026 Department of the Interior (DOI) appropriations bill

 passed by the House Appropriations Committee this week. The bill represents significant levels of funding for Tribal Nations that will directly and positively impact the delivery of essential tribal services, including health services, social services, probate, education, and historic support for public safety and justice programs.

NCAI commends the efforts of Chairman Tom Cole (R-OK), Ranking Member Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), and their colleagues in the House for ensuring tribal priorities and programs are supported in this spending bill. As the Senate continues its parallel appropriations process, NCAI calls on the Senate to conform its appropriations levels to those of the House.

“This legislation is meaningful progress in honoring the federal government’s obligations to Tribal Nations,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro. “The bottom line is that the House Appropriations Committee, under Chairman Cole’s and Ranking Member DeLauro’s leadership, kept their commitment to Indian Country and presented a budget that supports critical programs and reflects the priorities of tribal governments.”

This appropriations bill is a step in the correct direction, though NCAI acknowledges that even with these impactful levels of funding, Indian Country continues to be widely underfunded. NCAI looks forward to hosting the 

 next month to discuss FY 2026 funding levels and will begin the formulation of its FY 2028 budget request to the Department of Interior. NCAI also looks forward to continuing to work collaboratively with Congress when they return from recess to ensure that this bill is enacted quickly. Tribal Nations are negatively impacted by the continuing resolution process, and quick passage of a robust appropriations bill will ensure that Tribal Nations can continue to deliver essential services to their communities without interruption.

NCAI on the Passage of the DOI Appropriations Bill

 — As the oldest and largest representative organization of Tribal Nations, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) upholds the inherent sovereignty of tribal governments and the rights of their citizens and peoples to preserve and use their languages. NCAI is concerned by the efforts of various federal agencies to implement 

Executive Order (EO) 14224: Designating English as the Official Language of the United States

On Monday, July 14, the Department of Justice released guidance on implementing EO 14224. EO 14224 revoked 

, which required federal agencies to provide meaningful access to services for individuals with limited English proficiency. With the rollback of these protections, tribal leaders have expressed concerns that their citizens who primarily speak Native languages are at greater risk of exclusion, harm, and discrimination.

“For generations, the United States’ government policies erased indigenous languages through assimilationist policies. Our recent ancestors were punished for speaking their indigenous languages — the first languages spoken in America. As their descendants, it’s our obligation to rebuild and revitalize what was taken from us. With our languages we teach our children, conduct our ceremonies, interpret the world around us, and govern our Tribal Nations within the family of United States governments,” said Mark Macarro, NCAI President. “We understand the importance of language as our tribal identity, and we won’t be diminished again for freely speaking our own languages. This is an issue of tribal sovereignty — and it’s our birthright.”

During his first administration, President Trump signed into law the 

Esther Martinez Native American Languages Programs Reauthorization Act (P.L. 116-101)

, which provided critical resources to support language revitalization efforts throughout the country. EO 14224 raises concerns that the current administration is moving away from this mission, undermining efforts to revitalize Native American languages and turning away from acknowledging and honoring the important contributions that Native American languages have played in America’s history. For example, notable Native Americans acted as early translators between their relatives and English-speaking settlers to ensure peace and provide life-saving resources to the earliest immigrants in this nation’s history.

“An English‑only mandate does not strengthen America; it silences and excludes the first voices that shaped it,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “Native languages played a vital role in American history by recording our treaties, guiding our governments, and protecting the nation’s very freedom. Native languages used by Native warrior codetalkers were instrumental in America’s victory in both World Wars. The complexity and expressiveness of these languages we made into unbreakable codes. Banning our Native languages from federal engagement would betray that legacy, violate the trust responsibility of the United States, and exclude Native peoples from contributing to the future of this nation and their Tribal Nations in ways we cannot begin to foresee.”

Since 1995, NCAI has opposed, through its resolution process, any proposed legislation, orders, or amendments that impose English as the official language of the United States or that hinder or harm the maintenance, preservation, and use of Native languages.

: Opposing HR 123, “English” as the Official Language

: Opposition to “English Only” Legislation

: A Resolution Strongly Opposing An Election Ballot Requiring the State Of Alaska To Use English Only

NCAI calls on the Administration and Congress to exempt tribal governments and Native American languages from English-only mandates and fully consult with Tribal Nations on any federal actions that impact language rights and Tribal sovereignty.

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

NCAI Protection of Native Languages

 — In response to President Donald Trump’s public threat to block a new stadium deal unless the Washington Commanders reinstate their former name and his demand that the Cleveland Guardians also revert back, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) unequivocally opposes any effort to revive racist mascots that demean Indigenous communities. Since 1950, NCAI’s priorities have included the eradication of harmful, unsanctioned Native “themed” mascots and propaganda.

“Any attempt to distract by invoking our names and purporting to speak for our communities is an affront to Tribal sovereignty and is not taken lightly. For seventy-five years, NCAI has held an unbroken voice: Imagery and fan behaviors that mock, demean, and dehumanize Native people have no place in modern society. NCAI will continue to stand in support of the dignity and humanity of Native peoples,” said NCAI President Mark Macarro.

NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr., responded

 to a mascot-related decision by the Department of Education, noting “our youth deserve to see themselves treated with dignity, not as punchlines or cartoonish relics of the past. The continued defense of these mascots is a refusal to confront racism. Enough is enough.”

 for “eliminating a brand that disrespected, demeaned, and stereotyped all Native people.” In July 2021, 

 for “[taking an] important step forward in healing the harms its former mascot long caused Native people, in particular Native youth.” Our position and that of Indian Country broadly — rooted in unanimously passed resolutions reflecting the perspectives of hundreds of Tribal Nations — has not changed.

Tribal governments have been outspoken and unambiguous on this issue for generations. Contrary to President Trump’s assertion that “[o]ur great Indian people, in massive numbers, want this to happen,” Indian Country has repeatedly come together to condemn the unsanctioned use of harmful Native “themed” mascots, particularly those which sexualize, stereotype, or dehumanize American Indian and Alaska Native people.

Conditioning federal policy or development deals on the revival of racist language contradicts the government’s responsibility to uphold tribal rights and dignity, threatens the integrity of lawful governance, and opens the door to further discriminatory policy demands. We are not your mascot. We are not your distraction.

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to-government policies and a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights.

NCAI Condemns President Trump’s Call to Reinstate Harmful Mascot Imagery

 The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is pleased to announce Meghan Bishop (Sugpiat/Native Village of Afognak) as our new Policy Director. With nearly two decades of experience in law and public policy, Ms. Bishop brings a deep commitment to justice reform, tribal self-governance, and child and family welfare, further strengthening NCAI as a national unifying voice for Tribal Nations.

Ms. Bishop joins NCAI following her tenure as Senior Counselor to the Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs at the U.S. Department of the Interior, where she managed a complex portfolio spanning public safety, social services, education, Tiwahe, the PROGRESS Act, and Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women (MMIW) initiatives. She also served as Acting Associate Director for Tribal Justice Support within the Office of Justice Services, overseeing a $65 million budget and providing technical assistance to tribal justice systems nationwide. In addition, Ms. Bishop represented the Department of the United States Sentencing Commission Tribal Issues Advisory Group and led the Indian Child Welfare Act Interagency Workgroup.

Before entering federal service, Ms. Bishop practiced law in Oregon, where she founded and operated a juvenile defense firm. She represented clients in both tribal and state courts, mentored attorneys statewide, and advocated for systemic reforms in juvenile and child welfare law. Her leadership extends across multiple professional legal organizations, and she has served as a Court Appointed Special Advocate in Washington, D.C.

Ms. Bishop holds a Master’s degree in Political Management from The George Washington University, a J.D. from Willamette University College of Law, and a B.A. in Psychology and Humanities from Ohio Wesleyan University. She is a member of the Oregon State Bar.

“Meghan’s expertise, leadership, and unwavering dedication to tribal sovereignty make her an outstanding addition to our policy team,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright, Jr. “Her track record of advancing justice and strengthening tribal self-governance will be invaluable as we continue to advocate for Tribal Nations and their underserved communities.”

As Policy Director, Ms. Bishop will lead NCAI’s policy agenda, guiding strategic initiatives and providing critical analysis to ensure Tribal Nations’ priorities are represented at the highest levels of government. Her work will continue to reflect a commitment to justice, the tenets of federal Indian law and policy, and the advancement of Tribal Nations.

Please join us in welcoming Meghan Bishop to the NCAI team!

NCAI Welcomes Meghan Bishop as Policy Director

The Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board and a Catholic charter school cite federal Indian Boarding schools as an example of federal funding of religious education without acknowledging that the schools in question were a form of cultural genocide.

Washington D.C. — On Monday, April 7, the National Congress of American Indians, the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition, and the Association on American Indian Affairs filed an amicus brief in 

Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board v. Drummond 

St. Isidore of Seville Catholic Virtual School v. Drummond

, both on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. The Oklahoma Statewide Charter School Board and the Catholic school argue that the federal government has a longstanding tradition of funding religious education—pointing to federal Indian boarding schools and treaties with Tribal Nations—as evidence that such funding does not violate the U.S. Constitution’s principle of separation of church and state.

The amicus brief seeks to clarify that federal Indian boarding schools were part of the federal government’s Indian “civilization” policy that sought to forcibly assimilate Indian children by converting them to Christianity. The brief also explains the difference between Tribal Nations directing the United States to spend Tribal money on Indian education and federal spending of public money for the religious education of Indians. The Tribal organizations explain that neither example should be mischaracterized or misused to justify federal funding for religious education today.

"The traumatic impact caused by federal Indian boarding schools has been condemned globally. As educators should know, the Indian boarding schools were a shameful genocidal system aimed to ‘Kill the Indian, save the man’ and should not be used as a legal argument on who is entitled to tax payer money allocated for public education," said Shannon O’Loughlin, citizen of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and the Chief Executive and Attorney for the Association on American Indian Affairs. The Association has worked since 1922 to protect Native Nations’ sovereignty and address the lasting impacts of federal Indian boarding schools on Native Peoples. “The so-called tradition referenced in the educators’ legal arguments involved separating children from their families without parental consent, isolating them in often torturous conditions, deliberately erasing their identities, their languages, and forcibly converting them to Christianity, as well as utilizing Native children for labor.”

Native communities survived the genocidal federal Indian boarding school system and continue to heal from the intergenerational trauma the system caused.

"Native people are still healing from the impacts of the federal boarding school system—a system deliberately created to disrupt Native culture and dismantle Native families. The children who survived these institutions were left to restore identities that had been systematically stripped away and to rebuild the sacred bonds with their families, communities, cultures, and spiritual practices that were intentionally severed,” said National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition Chief Executive Officer Deborah Parker. “The healing continues today and must be supported—especially by educators who should know better. A policy rooted in cultural genocide is not one to aspire to or uphold as an example.”

The amicus brief also emphasizes critical distinctions in the School Board’s and Catholic school’s argument’s that erroneously equate Tribal Nations directing the use of 

 money for religious education and the federal government expending 

 money for the religious education of Indigenous peoples. The former is an exercise of Tribal sovereignty not constrained by the Establishment Clause in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The latter was part of a federal policy that included forcing Indian children to convert to Christianity and flew in the face of the Establishment Clause.

“Some Tribal Nations receive education funding from the United States based on treaties and other agreements with the United States. What those Tribes decide to do with their funds is at their discretion and not an equivalent to federal expenditures of public monies which must follow the rules established by the United States government and Constitution,” said NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr.

“There are many legal concerns with the School Board and Church’s arguments, but our simple point is that federal funding to convert Indians to Christianity and federal suppression of Native religions should not be mischaracterized or misused by the Court in this case or otherwise,” said NARF Executive Director John Echohawk.

Amy M. Echo-Hawk, Native American Rights Fund:

CC Hovie, Association on American Indian Affairs:

Sherrie Catanach, National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition:

Tribal Organizations Shine Light on the History of Federal Indian Boarding Schools and Tribal Sovereignty in Education

Washington, D.C. — The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) mourns the passing of Arizona Congressman Raúl M. Grijalva, a lifelong champion and fearless advocate for Tribal Nations. His steadfast commitment to upholding tribal sovereignty, protecting sacred lands, and improving the well-being of tribal communities will be remembered for generations to come.

Throughout his more than two decades in Congress, Congressman Grijalva was a vocal defender of Native voices in federal policy. He authored and advanced landmark legislative action, seeking to ensure meaningful tribal consultation on federal actions impacting tribal communities through the Requirements, Expectations, and Standard Procedures in Effective Consultation with Tribes (RESPECT) Act, and giving Urban Indian Organizations a direct line to federal healthcare agencies through the Urban Indian Health Confer Act. His leadership also extended to work on the Advancing Tribal Parity on Public Land Act and the Tribal Cultural Areas Protection Act, which aimed to elevate tribal stewardship of public lands and safeguard sacred sites, and the Native Child Protection Act, addressing critical protections for Native children and families. Most recently, Congressman Grijalva introduced H.R. 8937 to support tribal water rights settlements and ensure safe, clean water for Tribal Nations and communities— an issue he knew was fundamental to tribal sovereignty and survival.

Beyond his legislative work, Congressman Grijalva was a fierce defender of sacred lands such as Oak Flat, Bears Ears, and Chaco Canyon, always standing with Tribal Nations to protect places of deep cultural and spiritual importance. His unwavering commitment to environmental justice and climate action was rooted in respect for Indigenous leadership and knowledge.

To Indian Country, Congressman Grijalva was a true ally whose work has left an indelible mark. To those closest to him, he was a beloved husband, father, grandfather, and friend. As NCAI reflects on his legacy, we extend our deepest condolences to Congressman Grijalva’s family, loved ones, friends, and staff. May our Creator guide him on a smooth journey to the next world. These are our prayers. His dedication to building strong relationships between the federal government and Tribal Nations will continue to serve as a foundation for the work ahead.

NCAI Mourns the Passing of Congressman Raúl M. Grijalva — A Tireless Champion for Indian Country

Washington, D.C. – A coalition of Tribal organizations representing Tribal Nations and their citizens and communities is calling on the Administration to ensure that recent executive actions do not undermine the unique sovereign political status of Tribal Nations as sovereign nations with which the federal government has trust and treaty obligations, or disrupt federal funding that flows from those relationships for essential Tribal programs.

Following the issuance of multiple executive orders and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) directives, concerns arose over freezes on federal funding that Tribal Nations and Tribal organizations, including urban Indian organizations, rely on to provide critical healthcare, economic development, education, and social services to Tribal communities. While OMB has since rescinded the initial memorandum, questions remain about how federal agencies will interpret and implement the Administration’s executive orders and policies moving forward.

Tribal Nations are not special interest groups—they are sovereign governments with a unique legal and political relationship with the United States and with their own Tribal communities. The trust and treaty obligations of the federal government are political and debt-based in nature. Tribal Nations’ sovereignty and the federal government’s delivery on its trust and treaty obligations must not become collateral damage in broader policy shifts.

The coalition emphasizes that federal funding for Tribal programs is not discretionary, but rather a legal mandate owed under the United States’ trust and treaty obligations and the many statutes that carry them out. The organizations urge the Administration to explicitly recognize Tribal sovereignty and trust and treaty obligations in the implementation of all executive orders and priorities and to ensure that federal agencies provide clear guidance that protects Tribal programs from unnecessary disruption.

As the Administration advances its priorities, it must do so in a way that respects Tribal sovereignty, strengthens self-determination, and delivers on trust and treaty obligations. We stand ready to work with federal partners to ensure that all policies and decisions uphold the government-to-government relationship between the U.S. and Tribal Nations.

The coalition will continue to advocate for Tribal sovereignty and fulfillment of the trust and treaty obligations and ensure that the voices of Indian Country are heard in Washington. A full copy of the sign-on letter can be found here: 

For media inquiries, please contact: ncaipress@ncai.org

American Indian Higher Education Consortium

California Tribal Chairpersons Association

Great Plains Tribal Chairmans Association

Native American Finance Officers Association

National American Indian Court Judges Association

National Association of Tribal Historic Preservation Officers

National Indian Child Welfare Association

Northern California Tribal Chairperson’s Association

Self-Governance Communication & Education Tribal Consortium

Southern California Tribal Chairmen’s Association

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians is the oldest, largest and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the country. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to-government policies, and promoting a better understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people and rights. For more information, visit 

Tribal Organizations Urge Administration to Respect Tribal Sovereignty and Uphold Trust and Treaty Obligations Amid Executive Actions

Assistant Dean, Community Engagement
Executive Director, Indian Legal Program
Email: 

Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University’s Indian Legal Program (ILP)

National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)

Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty (CTDS)

 announced a new partnership in growing ILP’s long-standing conference — 

. The conference, sponsored by Caliber Financial Services and Pomo Upper Lake Habemateolel, is part of the Rosette, LLP American Indian Economic Development Program and will take place on 

February 20 and 21, 2025, at Wild Horse Pass Hotel and Casino

“Since the American Indian Policy Institute transitioned organizationally into the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law in 2024, we have had the opportunity to collaborate more closely with the Indian Legal Program, which has been very rewarding. After establishing the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty, it made sense to expand our partnership with ILP and become more involved in the success of the Wiring the Rez conference,” 

Wiring the Rez is excited to announce extended partnerships for the 2025 conference. Thanks to these new partners – the NCAI and the 

Self-Governance Communication and Education Tribal Consortium (SGCETC)

 – we are able to expand the topics and extend the conference to a full two-day format. NCAI is a nonprofit organization advocating for a promising future for Indian Country by working to gain consensus on constructive visions. SGCETC is a nonprofit consortium of Tribal Nations dedicated to advancing Tribal sovereignty and enhancing Self-Governance authority for all Tribal Nations through advocacy, education and strategic partnerships.

“The National Congress of American Indians is proud to be a new co-host in the Wiring the Rez conference with the Indian Legal Program and American Indian Policy Institute at the ASU Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. All of the leaders at ASU are deeply valued partners of NCAI, and with them, we are also proud to help lead the Nation’s first and only Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty. This center is dedicated to providing Tribal governments, leadership, and communities with the tools needed for digital sovereignty planning and an invigorated Tribal technological landscape for generations to come. The fact that the entire second day of the Wiring the Rez Conference will be all about Tribal Digital Sovereignty places a vital issue at the forefront of the national conversation. It is a meaningful expansion of the legacy of this important gathering,” 

said Geoffrey Blackwell, NCAI general counsel and chief of staff.

For 10 years, the Wiring the Rez Conference has brought together Tribal Nations and Tribal entrepreneurs to discuss the complex tribal e-commerce environment, protect sovereignty and promote entrepreneurial diversification. “Tribal Governments engaging in business on reservations must consider using e-commerce to diversify and strengthen their economies. Online businesses including lending, product sales, and health care are a huge part of reservation economic growth. All of these require tribes to start thinking about data storage, privacy, and jurisdictional issues,”

 said Professor Robert J. Miller, Director of the Rosette, LLP American Indian Economic Development Program at ASU Law.

This year, Wiring the Rez will include an additional topical focus, expanding the event to two full days. The new topic will focus on Tribal digital sovereignty, where speakers will discuss the resources and support needed to establish a digital sovereignty plan and navigate the complexities of digital sovereignty. The event will also continue to focus on e-commerce, gaming, Tribal lending and self-governance – helping Tribal Nations, Tribal entrepreneurs and business providers gain a deeper understanding of the Tribal e-commerce environment.

“ASU is a leader in innovation and technology, and ASU Law leads the way in smart partnerships for positive impact across Indian Country. When ASU partners with Tribes and National organizations, we work to strengthen Tribal sovereignty by advancing best practices and information sharing. Dr. Traci Morris and the new Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty will be at the center of this movement. The American Indian Policy Institute and NCAI are natural partners for this conference,” 

said Stacy Leeds, Willard H. Pedrick Dean, Regents and Foundation Professor of Law at ASU Law.

Business development in Indian Country has long been a significant challenge. However, recent improvements in broadband coverage, Tribal fintech and legal understandings offer greater opportunities for business development on Tribal land.

Confirmed speakers include keynote speaker Arizona Attorney General Kris Mayes; Gila River Indian Community Governor Stephen Roe Lewis; NCAI Executive Director Larry Wright Jr.; Self-Governance Communication & Education Tribal Consortium Executive Director Jay Spaan; Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Director of Self-Governance and Health Policy Melanie Fourkiller; Ysleta del Sur Pueblo Chief Operations Officer Linda Austin; San Diego State University Assistant Professor Brandon Mastromartino; Pechanga General Counsel Steve Bodmer; Greenburg Traurig Attorney Jennifer Weddle; Jenner Block Attorney Charles Galbraith; LCO Financial Services Chief Administrative Officer Trina Starr; Curador Labs President Corey Owens; Executive Director Indigenous Food and Agriculture Initiative Carly Griffith Hotvedt; Southern California Tribal Chairman’s Association Director of Technology Matthew Rantanen; and NCAI General Counsel and Chief of Staff Geoffrey Blackwell.


Media passes to this event are available.

Established more than 35 years ago, the Indian Legal Program at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University has grown to become one of the most respected Indian law programs in the nation. Home to one of the highest concentrations of Native American students and Indian law students in the nation, ASU Law has an active Native American Law Students Association that hosts events, participates in pro bono activities, and mentors incoming students. Students have an instant network to support them academically, professionally and socially. Working for tribes, in public service, private practice and nonprofit organizations, Indian Legal Program alumni are making a difference in Indian Country. The program's positive reputation is in large part due to the success and support of its graduates. Learn more at 

About the Indian Gaming and Tribal Self-Governance Programs

The Indian Gaming and Tribal Self-Governance Programs were created in service to Indian Country in order to equip professionals with a practical understanding of Federal Indian Law and to support these areas of economic success. Graduates may serve as senior or mid-level executives for tribes or tribal entities, tribal elected officials responsible for overseeing these aspects of their tribal operations, and other professionals with careers such as congressional staff and federal, state and local employees. Learn more at 

About the American Indian Policy Institute

The American Indian Policy Institute is an Indigenous-led and staffed research institute at Arizona State University whose work supports Tribal communities and Indigenous peoples nationwide. We do this by creating academic research focused on key issues in Indian Country, by analyzing and developing policy research and recommendations on those issues, and by building capacity within an ecosystem of lifelong learning. Learn more at 

About the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty

The American Indian Policy Institute (AIPI) and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), based on a long-standing commitment to bridging the digital divide on tribal lands, founded and formed the Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University on June 24, 2024. The Center for Tribal Digital Sovereignty (CTDS) is the first and only center in the Nation dedicated to assisting Tribal governments, leadership, and communities in understanding the complexities of digital sovereignty, providing access to resources and serving as a clearinghouse for Tribal digital sovereignty. Learn more at 

About the National Congress of American Indians

Founded in 1944, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) is the oldest, largest, and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization in the United States. NCAI advocates on behalf of tribal governments and communities, promoting strong tribal-federal government-to government policies. NCAI promotes an understanding among the general public regarding American Indian and Alaska Native governments, people, and rights. For more information, visit 

Strong Indian Country Partnerships Bring Expanded Offerings for the 2025 Wiring the Rez Conference

Data from Native American Rights Fund (NARF) highlights the limitations of exit polls by Edison Research and the misrepresentation of Native communities

 (NOA), and the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI)

 addressed the misleading and incomplete data surrounding Native voter turnout and support as depicted in the 

 conducted by the National Election Pool (NEP) and Edison Research.

Recent exit polls by National Election Pool (NEP) and Edison Research, have sparked concern due to significant limitations in methodology and scope, misrepresenting the number of Native peoples who voted for the Republican presidential candidate. Preliminary data shared by NARF shows otherwise – state-specific outcomes indicate that often as the state based population of Native Americans increases so does the support for Democratic candidates. For example, in counties with majority Native populations, support for the Democratic candidate was larger than support for the Republican candidate in states such as Montana (67% to 28%), North Dakota (72% to 27%), South Dakota (63% to 33%), and Wisconsin (87% to 12%). Native voters are not a monolith, however, and in counties with majority Native populations in states like Oklahoma, there was a preference for the Republican candidate (63% to 37%). These preliminary results will continue to shift as data continues to be collected and votes continue to be counted in many Western states with high Native American populations.

Edison Research and NEP’s exit poll data of 229 Native peoples is not reflective of the diversity of Indian Country due to its limited scope. This year, the NEP/Edison Research exit polls were conducted at only 279 election-day polling places and 27 early in-person voting locations. This exclusion of a substantial portion of early and absentee voters often results in an incomplete and skewed portrayal of the electorate. The methodology selects specific polling sites to represent the broader population, and this approach misses critical components specific to capturing Native American voter preferences. It remains unclear if Native voters from rural areas were accurately included to the degree of their urban and suburban counterparts, and notably, zero of the 306 polling places surveyed were on Tribal lands. In addition, respondents from the South were overly represented in the NEP/Edison polling (35%), compared to the respondents in the West (23%), Midwest (22%), and the East (21%). According to Dr. Stephanie Fryberg, Founding Director of the Research for Indigenous Social Action & Equity Center (RISE) at Northwestern University, the 

was insufficient to draw reliable conclusions about the nationwide voting trends within Native. In fact, the rush to report out on one exit poll of 229 Native people resulted in more questions than answers.

According to NARF, preliminary voter turnout in the majority-Native counties suggests a drop from 53.3% in 2020 to 48.8% in 2024, displaying a decline of nearly 10,000 votes that is reflective of the low voter turnout seen nationwide. This decline underscores the significant barriers that Native voters face in casting their ballots, as highlighted by the 

, which points to challenges such as absentee ballots not arriving on time, polling places being too far away, and a lack of transportation. The comprehensive survey conducted by IllumiNative and the Native Organizers Alliance—the largest Native-led, nationally representative survey in the U.S.—further emphasizes these obstacles by capturing the voices and perspectives of Native communities across the country.

Indeed, structural barriers throughout Indian Country continue to stifle Native American participation in federal and state elections. On Election Day, the Native American Rights Fund sent 170 poll watchers throughout Indian Country who reported ongoing challenges faced by Native Americans including mismarked and distant polling sites, rejection of qualifying tribal ID, problems arising from the lack of residential addresses, hours long wait times, and lack of quality internet impacting voter services available to Native voters. Incidences of voter intimidation and escalated police presence were also reported. These observations only add to the voluminous record that voting across Indian Country remains unreasonably burdensome, as documented through the Native American Rights Fund’s 

extensive research and recorded voter experiences

“It is important to gather and share accurate data about Native voter preferences, but it is equally important that we acknowledge the systemic obstacles that are keeping Native voices from being heard at all. At the Native American Rights Fund, we continue to document and battle the lack of equal opportunities to register and vote in Native communities: long distances to polling locations, inadequate housing, and no home mail delivery are still preventing Native communities from equitable voting opportunities,” 

said Jacqueline De León (Isleta Pueblo) of the Native American Rights Fund.

 “How many voters were disenfranchised this election season? How many votes were left on the table? So, yes, let's make sure that we report out accurate numbers on the influence and power of Native voters, but let’s also make sure that we continue to work toward free and fair elections that allow Native voters to have a voice.”“While national data points to turnout challenges and a lack of turnout in general, it’s essential to recognize the generational efforts within Indian Country that have empowered and engaged our communities in American Democracy,”

 said Michael Johnson (Three Affiliated Tribes of North Dakota), President of IllumiNative. 

“Our Natives Vote campaign was part of a larger community movement that has mobilized Native people and communities nationwide. Our Nations, communities and allies remain resilient and determined, and we will continue to strive for equitable representation in all facets of American life.”

“Accurate representation is vital to our democracy. The National Congress of American Indians calls for an equitable and comprehensive approach to exit polling that truly reflects Native voices across Indian Country,” 

said Mark Macarro (Pechanga Band of Indians), President of National Congress of American Indians.

 “Our communities, especially in rural and tribal areas, demand to be reported on with diligence and accuracy. Native voter influence must not be distorted and diminished. NCAI stands committed to ensuring that all Native votes contribute fully to the national discourse and to the advocacy of Tribal sovereignty.”

The 2024 election was a pivotal moment that highlighted both progress and challenges. The 

, led by IllumiNative and NOA, bolstered turnout by reaching Native voters nationwide through on the ground and online efforts including community organizing training, digital organizing, phone banking, and local grantee investment.

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